To provide for improvement of labour-management relations and the settlement of trade disputes and matters incidental thereto.
[1 August 1975]
(Format changes—E.R. 1 of 2013)
This Ordinance may be cited as the Labour Relations Ordinance.
Part 5 shall come into operation on a day to be appointed by the Chief Executive in Council by notice in the Gazette. (Amended 56 of 2000 s. 3)
(Amended E.R. 1 of 2013)
In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires—
arbitration (仲裁) means arbitration in a trade dispute under Part 3; arbitration tribunal (仲裁庭) means an arbitration tribunal appointed under section 12; board of inquiry (調查委員會) means a board of inquiry appointed under section 22; Commissioner (處長) means the Commissioner for Labour; conciliation (調停) means a discussion or action initiated or undertaken by a conciliation officer to assist the parties to a trade dispute to reach a settlement of the trade dispute; (Amended 15 of 2012 s. 11) conciliation officer (調停員) means an officer of the Labour Relations Division of the Labour Department who is authorized by the Commissioner under section 3(c) to initiate or undertake conciliation; (Amended 15 of 2012 s. 11) employee (僱員) means any person who has entered into or works under (or, in the case of a contract which has been terminated, worked under) a contract with an employer, whether the contract is by way of manual labour, clerical work or otherwise, is express or implied, oral or in writing, and whether it is a contract of service or apprenticeship or a contract personally to execute any work or labour; employer (僱主) means the person by whom an employee is (or, in a case where the employment has ceased, was) employed; mediator (調解員) means a single mediator or a board of mediation appointed under section 11A; (Added 76 of 1997 s. 2. Amended 15 of 2012 s. 11) party (一方) means a party to a trade dispute; special conciliation (特別調停) means a discussion or action initiated or undertaken by a special conciliation officer to assist the parties to a trade dispute to reach a settlement of the trade dispute; (Amended 15 of 2012 s. 11) special conciliation officer (特派調停員) means a senior officer of the Labour Relations Division of the Labour Department, or any other public officer or person, who is authorized by the Commissioner under section 5 to initiate or undertake special conciliation; (Amended 15 of 2012 s. 11) trade dispute (勞資糾紛) means any dispute or difference between employers and employees, or between employees and employees, connected with the employment or non-employment, or the terms of employment, or with the conditions of or affecting employment, of any person.(Amended E.R. 1 of 2013)
Where a trade dispute exists or is apprehended the Commissioner may, with the object of promoting settlement of the trade dispute,—
inquire into the causes and circumstances of the trade dispute;
take such steps as to him may seem expedient for the purpose of assisting the parties to reach a settlement of the trade dispute;
authorize a conciliation officer to initiate or undertake conciliation.
Where a conciliation officer has attempted conciliation but no settlement of the trade dispute has been reached, the conciliation officer shall without delay report the matter to the Commissioner.
In a report under subsection (1), the conciliation officer shall set out, in addition to any other information which he considers will be of assistance to the Commissioner, such facts as appear to him to be agreed by all or any of the parties and such facts as appear to him to be in dispute between any of the parties.
On receipt of a report under section 4, the Commissioner may authorize a special conciliation officer to initiate or undertake special conciliation.
The Commissioner, instead of authorizing a conciliation officer under section 3(c), may, if he is of the opinion that the circumstances of the trade dispute so warrant, authorize a special conciliation officer to initiate or undertake special conciliation.
The Commissioner may publish the name of the special conciliation officer authorized under section 5 and particulars relating to the parties in such manner as he thinks fit.
Where a special conciliation officer has attempted special conciliation but no settlement of the trade dispute has been reached, the special conciliation officer shall without delay report the matter to the Commissioner.
In a report under subsection (1), the special conciliation officer shall set out, in addition to any other information which he considers will be of assistance to the Commissioner, such facts as appear to him to be agreed by all or any of the parties and such facts as appear to him to be in dispute between any of the parties.
Where a settlement of a trade dispute is reached by conciliation or special conciliation, a memorandum of the terms of the settlement shall be drawn up and signed by the parties, or their representatives, and a copy of the memorandum shall be delivered to the Commissioner.
Anything communicated to a conciliation officer or special conciliation officer in connection with the performance of his functions under this Ordinance shall not be admissible in evidence in any proceedings before an arbitration tribunal or board of inquiry, except with the consent of the person who communicated it to the conciliation officer or special conciliation officer.
(Amended 76 of 1997 s. 3)
[cf. 1971 c. 72 s. 146(6) U.K.]
On receipt of a report under section 4 or, where a special conciliation officer has been appointed, a report under section 7, the Commissioner may submit a report on the trade dispute to the Chief Executive in Council with such recommendation as he thinks fit. (Amended 76 of 1997 s. 4)
In a report under subsection (1), the Commissioner shall set out such matters relating to the trade dispute as he considers will be of assistance to the Chief Executive in Council.
(Amended 56 of 2000 s. 3)
The Chief Executive in Council may, on considering a report and recommendation submitted under section 10,— (Amended 56 of 2000 s. 3)
with the consent of the parties, refer the trade dispute to arbitration;
refer the trade dispute to a board of inquiry; or
take such other action as the circumstances of the trade dispute may warrant.
(Part 2A added 76 of 1997 s. 5)
The Commissioner may, where a trade dispute exists and whether or not conciliation or special conciliation has been attempted by a conciliation officer or special conciliation officer, appoint a mediator or a board of mediation consisting of 2 or more persons to mediate the trade dispute.
Where the Commissioner appoints a board of mediation he shall nominate one of the members to be the President of the board.
A mediator may inquire into the causes and circumstances of a trade dispute and, without limiting the foregoing, may—
visit premises where parties to the trade dispute or other interested parties are employed or carry on business;
conduct interviews with the parties to the trade dispute or other interested parties;
make such observations or do such other things as the mediator considers will assist in mediating the dispute; and
make recommendations to the parties respecting the settlement of the trade dispute and may make such recommendations public.
No mediator shall be liable to any suit or other proceeding for any act or thing done by him bona fide as a mediator.
Anything communicated to a mediator in connection with the performance of his functions under this Ordinance shall not be admissible in evidence in any proceedings, including any proceedings before an arbitration tribunal or board of inquiry, except with the consent of the person who communicated it to the mediator.
The Commissioner may pay to a mediator such remuneration out of the general revenue as he thinks fit.
Where under section 11 the Chief Executive in Council refers a trade dispute to arbitration, he shall appoint an arbitration tribunal which shall consist of—
a sole arbitrator; or
3 arbitrators, one of whom shall be appointed as the chairman.
The Chief Executive in Council shall, when appointing an arbitration tribunal under subsection (1), specify the period within which the arbitration shall be concluded.
For the purpose of facilitating the appointment of an arbitrator to an arbitration tribunal under subsection (1), the Chief Executive shall constitute a panel of persons who appear to him to be suitable for such appointment.
(Amended 56 of 2000 s. 3)
An arbitration shall be conducted in private.
An arbitration tribunal shall sit for the conduct of an arbitration at such places and times as, having regard to the convenience of the parties and witnesses, it thinks fit.
An arbitration shall be conducted in the English or Chinese language as the arbitration tribunal thinks fit.
Subject to subsection (3), the following persons shall have a right of audience before an arbitration tribunal—
any party;
an office bearer of a registered trade union or of an association of employers, if—
the trade union or association is a party; or
members of the trade union or association are parties;
if all parties agree, a barrister or solicitor representing a party; and
subject to subsection (2), any other person representing a party.
An office bearer of a registered trade union or of an association of employers, or a barrister or solicitor, shall not have a right of audience on behalf of a party under subsection (1)(d).
A person referred to in subsection (1)(b) or (d) shall have a right of audience on behalf of a party only if he is authorized in writing by the party to represent it.
For the purposes of an arbitration, an arbitration tribunal may require any person—
to furnish, in writing or otherwise, such particulars in relation to such matters as it may specify;
to attend before it and give evidence on oath or otherwise;
to produce such documents as it may specify.
A requirement of an arbitration tribunal under subsection (1) shall be enforceable in like manner as an order of the Court of First Instance. (Amended 92 of 1975 s. 59; 25 of 1998 s. 2)
For the purposes of an arbitration, an arbitration tribunal shall not be bound by the rules of evidence in civil or criminal proceedings.
Evidence given by a person in an arbitration shall not be admissible against him in any civil or criminal proceedings by or against him, except where he is charged with an offence under Part V (Perjury) of the Crimes Ordinance (Cap. 200).
On an arbitration the arbitration tribunal shall make such award as it thinks fit.
Where under section 12(1) an arbitration tribunal consists of 3 arbitrators, an award may be made by any 2 arbitrators.
The arbitration tribunal shall submit the award to the Chief Executive in Council, who shall as soon as possible cause it to be published in such manner as he thinks fit. (Amended 56 of 2000 s. 3)
The Chief Executive may pay to an arbitrator such remuneration out of the general revenue of Hong Kong as he thinks fit.
(Amended 56 of 2000 s. 3)
The Arbitration Ordinance (Cap. 609) shall not apply to any arbitration, or to any award made by an arbitration tribunal, under this Ordinance.
(Amended 17 of 2010 s. 112)
Where under section 11 the Chief Executive in Council refers a trade dispute to a board of inquiry, he shall appoint a board of inquiry consisting of one or more members as he thinks fit.
If a board of inquiry appointed under subsection (1) consists of two or more members, the Chief Executive in Council shall nominate a member to be the President of the board of inquiry.
The Chief Executive in Council shall, when appointing a board of inquiry under subsection (1), specify the period within which the board of inquiry shall submit a report of its findings.
(Amended 56 of 2000 s. 3)
A board of inquiry shall inquire into the causes and circumstances of a trade dispute and shall submit a report of its findings to the Chief Executive in Council. (Amended 56 of 2000 s. 3)
A board of inquiry may include in a report submitted under subsection (1) such recommendation as it thinks fit.
A board of inquiry may, before submitting a report of its finding, submit such interim reports as it thinks fit.
The Chief Executive in Council shall as soon as possible after the receipt of a report of a board of inquiry cause it to be published in such manner as he thinks fit. (Amended 56 of 2000 s. 3)
The proceedings of a board of inquiry may be held in public or in private as the board of inquiry thinks fit.
A board of inquiry shall sit at such places and times as, having regard to the convenience of the parties and witnesses, it thinks fit.
The proceedings before a board of inquiry shall be conducted in the English or Chinese language as the board of inquiry thinks fit.
Subject to subsection (3), the following persons shall have a right of audience before a board of inquiry—
any party;
an office bearer of a registered trade union or of an association of employers, if—
the trade union or association is a party; or
members of the trade union or association are parties; and
subject to subsection (2), any person (including a barrister or solicitor) representing a party.
An office bearer of a registered trade union or of an association of employers shall not have a right of audience on behalf of a party under subsection (1)(c).
A person referred to in subsection (1)(b) or (c) (other than a barrister or solicitor) shall have a right of audience on behalf of a party only if he is authorized in writing by the party to represent it.
For the purposes of an inquiry, a board of inquiry may require any person—
to furnish, in writing or otherwise, such particulars in relation to such matters as it may specify;
to attend before it and give evidence on oath or otherwise;
to produce such documents as it may specify.
A requirement of a board of inquiry under subsection (1) shall be enforceable in like manner as an order of the Court of First Instance. (Amended 92 of 1975 s. 59; 25 of 1998 s. 2)
For the purposes of an inquiry, a board of inquiry shall not be bound by the rules of evidence in civil or criminal proceedings.
Evidence given by a person before a board of inquiry shall not be admissible against him in any civil or criminal proceedings by or against him, except where he is charged with an offence under Part V (Perjury) of the Crimes Ordinance (Cap. 200).
Any person who, at a hearing by a board of inquiry,—
uses a threatening or insulting expression to or concerning or in the presence of the board of inquiry; or
behaves in an insulting manner or wilfully interrupts the proceedings,
shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine at level 1 and to imprisonment for 3 months.
(Amended E.R. 1 of 2013)
No member of a board of inquiry shall be liable to any suit or other proceeding for any act or thing done by him bona fide as such member of the board of inquiry: Provided that nothing in this subsection shall be deemed to limit the power of the Court of First Instance to make an order of mandamus, certiorari or prohibition in relation to proceedings before a board of inquiry. (Amended 92 of 1975 s. 59; 25 of 1998 s. 2)
All evidence given before a board of inquiry shall be absolutely privileged, and no person giving such evidence shall be liable to any suit or other civil proceeding in respect thereof.
Police officers and bailiffs of the court shall assist a board of inquiry, which is conducting an inquiry under this Part, in such matters as the board of inquiry may require and may do all such things as are necessary for the purpose of rendering such assistance.
The cost of an inquiry conducted under this Part shall be a charge on the general revenue of Hong Kong.
Subject to subsection (2), no person shall be liable to any civil or criminal proceedings by reason of his publishing a fair and accurate report or summary of any evidence received in proceedings before a board of inquiry.
No person shall—
publish or otherwise disclose any evidence received in proceedings held in private;
publish or otherwise disclose any evidence received in proceedings held in public the publication or disclosure of which a board of inquiry has prohibited;
publish any comment on any proceedings, or on any evidence received in proceedings, before a board of inquiry until the report of the board of inquiry is published under section 23(4).
Any person who contravenes subsection (2) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine at level 2 and to imprisonment for 6 months.
(Amended E.R. 1 of 2013)
Where it appears to the Governor in Council—
that, in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute, industrial action consisting of—
a strike;
any irregular industrial action short of a strike; or
a lock-out,
has begun or is likely to begin;
that the situation arising out of the trade dispute is of such a nature, or on such a scale, as to be likely to cause an interruption in the supply of goods or in the provision of services which might—
be gravely injurious to the economy of Hong Kong or seriously affect the livelihood of a substantial number of persons, or create a serious risk of public disorder, or seriously jeopardize the internal security of Hong Kong; or
endanger the lives of a substantial number of persons, or expose a substantial number of persons to serious risk of disease or personal injury; and
that, having regard to all the circumstances of the trade dispute, it would be conducive to a settlement of it by negotiation, conciliation, arbitration or the appointment of a board of inquiry if the industrial action were discontinued or deferred,
he may make an order under this section.[cf. 1971 c. 72 s. 138(1) & (2) U.K.]
An order under this section—
shall specify the area of employment in respect of which the order is to have effect, that area being defined in the order by reference to (or to any combination of) any of the following, that is to say, one or more industries specified in the order, one or more undertakings or parts of undertakings so specified, and one or more descriptions of employees so specified;
shall indicate the scope of the trade dispute in consequence of which the order is made in such manner as may appear to the Governor in Council to be sufficient to indicate the area of employment affected by the trade dispute and the extent of matters to which the trade dispute relates;
may require any person specified in the order, before the end of such period as may be specified in the order for the purposes of this paragraph, to take such steps (whether by way of withdrawing or securing the withdrawal of any instructions issued by or on behalf of that person or otherwise) as may be so specified for the purpose of securing that the industrial action specified in the order is discontinued or, as the case may be, deferred during the period of effect of the order;
shall specify the date on which the order is to take effect and the period for which the order is to remain in force;
shall be published in the English and Chinese languages in such manner as the Governor thinks fit. [cf. 1971 c.72 s. 139(2), (6) & (7) U.K.]
Notwithstanding anything in the Trade Unions Ordinance (Cap. 332), any person who,—
during the period of effect of an order under this section,—
calls, organizes, procures or finances a strike, or threatens to do so;
organizes, procures or finances any irregular industrial action short of a strike, or threatens to do so;
institutes, carries on, authorizes, organizes or finances a lock-out, or threatens to do so;
penalizes or otherwise discriminates against an employee by reason of the employee taking part, or failing or refusing to take part, in the trade dispute in consequence of which the order is made,
within the area of employment specified in the order or any part of that area; or
contravenes any requirement under subsection (2)(c), shall be guilty of contempt and may be dealt with in like manner as if he had been guilty of contempt of the High Court. (Amended 92 of 1975 s. 59) [cf. 1971 c. 72 s. 139(4) & (5) U.K.]
In this section—
irregular industrial action short of a strike (未達罷工程度的非正式工業行動) means any concerted course of conduct (other than a strike) which, in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute,— (a)is carried on by a group of employees with the intention of preventing, reducing or otherwise interfering with the production of goods or the provision of services; and (b)in the case of some or all of them, is carried on in breach of their contracts of employment or in breach of their terms and conditions of service; (Amended L.N. 123 of 1982) lock-out (閉廠) means the closing of a place of employment, or the suspension of work, or the refusal by an employer to continue to employ any number of persons employed by him in consequence of a trade dispute, done with a view to compelling those persons, or to aiding another employer in compelling persons employed by him, to accept terms or conditions of or affecting employment; strike (罷工) means— (a)the cessation of work by a body of persons employed acting in combination; or (b)a concerted refusal, or a refusal under a common understanding, of any number of persons employed, to continue to work for an employer in consequence of a trade dispute, done as a means of compelling— (i)their employer or the employer of any other person or body of persons; or (ii)any person or body of persons employed, to accept or not to accept terms or conditions of or affecting employment. [cf. 1971 c. 72 s. 33(4) U.K.]Subject to subsection (2), the initial period during which an order under section 35 may remain in force shall be a period not exceeding 30 days from the date it is to take effect.
The Governor in Council may, if he thinks it is desirable to do so, extend the period of effect of an order under section 35 to a period not exceeding 60 days in the whole.
If the period of effect of an order under section 35 is extended under subsection (2), notice of such extension shall be published in the English and Chinese languages in such manner as the Governor thinks fit.
[cf. 1971 c. 72 s. 140(2) U.K.]
Proceedings for contempt under section 35(3) shall be brought in the High Court on application by the Attorney General.
The Chief Justice may make rules providing for the procedure in proceedings for contempt under subsection (1) and in the absence of such rules the High Court may apply such rules of procedure as it thinks fit. (Amended 92 of 1975 s. 59)