To provide for the incorporation of The Hong Kong Association of Banks, for the corporation to assume the functions and to take over the assets and liabilities of The Exchange Banks’ Association, Hong Kong and for matters incidental thereto and connected therewith.
[12 January 1981] L.N. 9 of 1981
(Format changes—E.R. 5 of 2021)
This Ordinance may be cited as The Hong Kong Association of Banks Ordinance.
In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires—
Association (公會) means The Hong Kong Association of Banks incorporated by section 3; business of banking (銀行業務) means any of the activities or functions of a licensed bank; clearing account (結算帳戶) means a clearing account in respect of specified Hong Kong dollar credit balances kept and maintained by a member; (Replaced 76 of 1995 s. 2) Committee (委員會) means the Committee established by section 8; Consultative Council (諮詢委員會) means the Consultative Council established by section 9; continuing members (永久會員) means the continuing members under section 8(1)(a); deposit (存款) has the same meaning as in the Banking Ordinance (Cap. 155); (Replaced 30 of 1991 s. 2) deposit charge (存款收費) means a sum of money charged or levied by a member on a specified Hong Kong dollar deposit of a customer of that member in the event of an interest charge being levied on a member’s clearing account; (Replaced 76 of 1995 s. 2) Disciplinary Committee (紀律委員會) means the Disciplinary Committee appointed under section 16; Exchange Banks’ Association (外匯銀行公會) means the unincorporated body known as The Exchange Banks’ Association, Hong Kong existing immediately before the commencement* of this Ordinance; Exchange Fund (外匯基金) means the fund of that name established under section 3(1) of the Exchange Fund Ordinance (Cap. 66); (Added 30 of 1991 s. 2) interest charge (利息收費) means a sum of money charged or levied on a member’s clearing account; (Replaced 76 of 1995 s. 2) licensed bank (持牌銀行) means a bank within the meaning of section 2 of the Banking Ordinance (Cap. 155); (Replaced 49 of 1995 s. 53) member (會員) means a member of the Association; Monetary Authority (金融管理專員) means the Monetary Authority appointed under section 5A of the Exchange Fund Ordinance (Cap. 66); (Added 76 of 1995 s. 2) re-domiciled entity (經遷冊實體) has the meaning given by section 2(1) of the Banking Ordinance (Cap. 155); (Added 14 of 2025 s. 210) Secretary (秘書) means the secretary of the Association appointed pursuant to section 13.(Amended 76 of 1995 s. 2)
There is hereby established a body corporate to be known as The Hong Kong Association of Banks.
The Association shall have perpetual succession and shall be capable of suing and being sued and of doing and suffering all such other acts or things as bodies corporate may lawfully do and suffer.
The Association shall have a common seal which shall not be affixed except pursuant to a resolution of the Committee (or of a sealing subcommittee appointed by the Committee for that purpose) and in the presence of 2 members of the Committee and of the Secretary, or some other person appointed in his place by the Committee, each of whom shall sign his name.
Any document purporting to be a document duly executed under the seal of the Association authenticated in accordance with subsection (3) shall be received in evidence and shall, until the contrary is proved, be deemed to be a document so executed.
The objects of the Association shall be—
to further the interests of licensed banks;
to make rules from time to time for the conduct of the business of banking;
to consider, investigate and inquire into all matters and questions connected with or relating to the business of banking;
to promote, consider, support, oppose, make representations as to and generally deal with any law affecting or likely to affect the business of banking;
to collect, circulate and disseminate information relating to the business of banking or otherwise likely to be of interest to members and others;
to represent its members at and appear before any public body, committee or inquiry or before any court or tribunal;
to act as an advisory body to its members and to co-operate and maintain relations with other bodies and organizations in all matters touching or concerning the business of banking;
to provide a meeting place or places for its members and to adopt such means of publicizing or making known its activities and information and opinions on matters touching or concerning the business of banking as may be thought fit;
to provide or procure, by means of a management agreement or otherwise, facilities for the clearing of cheques and other instruments, and for the processing of banking transactions presented by members;
to establish, subsidize, support, co-operate with or otherwise assist any person engaged in any artistic, cultural, benevolent, charitable, welfare or similar activity and to contribute money for and to take part in any such activities as the Committee may think fit;
to do or cause to be done all such other acts and things as may conduce to the progress, prosperity and advancement of the general body of members.
The Association shall have power to do all such things as are necessary for, or incidental to or conducive to, the carrying out of the objects of the Association and may in particular, but without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing—
acquire, take on lease, purchase, hold and enjoy any property, and sell, let or otherwise dispose of the same;
enter into any contract;
invest funds in securities, place funds on deposit and otherwise deal with its funds in such manner as it may think fit, and realize the same at such times as it may consider necessary;
borrow or otherwise raise money on such security as may be necessary, and for that purpose charge all or any part of the property of the Association;
act as trustee in relation to pension and retirement schemes for its employees and funds for scholarships and prizes;
institute, conduct, defend, compound or abandon any legal proceedings by or against it or otherwise concerning its affairs;
refer any claim or demand by or against it to arbitration;
make and give receipts, releases and other discharges for money payable to and for claims and demands of the Association;
publish periodicals, booklets or other written material and produce or sponsor the production of documentary films or audio-visual material, and distribute the same by sale, loan, hire or otherwise, with or without charge, as it shall think fit;
accept gifts, donations or testamentary dispositions upon such conditions as it shall determine.
The Association may, under its common seal, make such bylaws not inconsistent with this Ordinance as are necessary for, or incidental to or conducive to, the carrying out of the objects of the Association and may in particular, but without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, make bylaws for—
meetings of the Association and the procedure at and the conduct of such meetings;
meetings of the Committee and its subcommittees and the procedure at and conduct of such meetings;
the procedure for election of members of the Committee as provided in section 8(1)(b);
the procedure for election of members of the Consultative Council as provided in section 9(1)(b);
entrance fees and subscriptions for membership of the Association;
control of funds of the Association;
the keeping of proper accounts of the Association and records in relation thereto and the preparation of annual accounts;
the appointment of auditors and the audit of the accounts of the Association;
the enforcement of the provisions of section 21(4) or of any bylaws made hereunder.
A bylaw under subsection (1) may be made only by an affirmative vote of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting at a meeting of the Association convened for that purpose and notified in accordance with paragraph (b).
Notice of such meeting and of the resolutions to be proposed thereat shall be delivered, or sent by registered post or recorded delivery, to every member at its registered office or principal place of business in Hong Kong not less than 21 days before the date fixed for the meeting, but the non-receipt of such a notice by any member shall not invalidate the proceedings thereat.
Bylaws made under subsection (1)—
shall be subject to, and shall not derogate from, any other law;
shall be subject to the approval of the Monetary Authority. (Amended 76 of 1995 s. 3)
Every licensed bank which is so required by a condition attached to its authorization shall become a member of the Association and shall, subject to this section, remain a member of the Association unless expelled under section 21(1)(d); and membership of the Association shall be restricted to licensed banks. (Amended 49 of 1995 s. 53)
A member which ceases to be a licensed bank shall ipso facto cease to be a member of the Association.
A member shall not be expelled from membership of the Association without the prior approval of the Monetary Authority. (Amended 76 of 1995 s. 4)
There is to be a Committee of the Association that comprises— (Amended 14 of 2025 s. 211)
the continuing members which shall be the note-issuing bank as defined in section 2 of the Legal Tender Notes Issue Ordinance (Cap. 65); (Replaced 76 of 1995 s. 5. Amended 14 of 2003 s. 24)
9 elected members who are elected in accordance with the bylaws of the Association, and who are, and are to be elected by—
as to 4 members—members whose place of incorporation is Hong Kong or who are re-domiciled entities; and
as to 5 members—members whose place of incorporation is outside Hong Kong and who are not re-domiciled entities. (Replaced 14 of 2025 s. 211)
Any elected member ceases to be a member of the Committee on becoming a re-domiciled entity. (Added 14 of 2025 s. 211)
A vacancy arising under subsection (1A) is to be filled by an election in accordance with the bylaws of the Association. (Added 14 of 2025 s. 211)
(Repealed 76 of 1995 s. 5)
Any member of the Committee which ceases for any reason to be a member of the Association shall ipso facto cease to be a member of the Committee.
There shall be a Chairman and Vice-Chairmen of the Committee.
The office of the Chairman shall be held by each of the continuing members on rotation in the order specified by the Committee and approved by the Monetary Authority.
Subject to the approval of the Monetary Authority, and with the agreement of all continuing members, the Committee may vary the order of rotation specified in paragraph (b).
All continuing members not holding the office of Chairman shall be the Vice-Chairmen. (Replaced 76 of 1995 s. 5)
The period of office for the Chairman shall be 1 year. (Replaced 76 of 1995 s. 5)
There shall be a Consultative Council of the Association which shall comprise—
the continuing members; and
the number of elected members provided for in Schedule 1 which members shall be elected in accordance with the bylaws of the Association and which shall be, and be elected by, members incorporated or, in the case of unincorporated members, having their principal place of business, in various regions of the world as provided in Schedule 1.
For the purposes of subsection (1)(b), if a member is a re-domiciled entity, its appropriate region is Hong Kong. (Added 14 of 2025 s. 212)
The Chairman and the Vice-Chairmen for the time being of the Committee pursuant to section 8(4) and (5) shall ex officio be the Chairman and the Vice-Chairmen respectively of the Consultative Council.
Any elected member of the Consultative Council ceases to be a member of the Consultative Council on becoming a re-domiciled entity. (Added 14 of 2025 s. 212)
A vacancy arising under subsection (2A) is to be filled by an election in accordance with the bylaws of the Association. (Added 14 of 2025 s. 212)
The Financial Secretary may, by order published in the Gazette, amend Schedule 1.
Where Schedule 1 is amended pursuant to subsection (3) any variation in the number of elected members required, or the regions from which such members are to be elected, shall take effect from the date of the next following meeting to elect members of the Consultative Council. (Amended L.N. 446 of 1994)
(Amended 30 of 1991 s. 3; 76 of 1995 s. 6)
Every member of the Association shall designate in writing in a manner acceptable to the Committee a full time employee of that member holding a managerial post who shall, subject to subsection (2), as representative of that member— (Amended 22 of 1982 s. 2)
attend and vote at meetings;
hold office;
execute documents,
and otherwise act for and on behalf of the member for the purposes of this Ordinance and bylaws made hereunder.
If the designated representative is for any reason unable to attend any general meeting of members or any meeting of the Disciplinary Committee or otherwise to act, the member may designate, in the manner specified in subsection (1), an alternate representative who shall have the powers and functions of the designated representative.
A member may be represented at any meeting of the Committee or of the Consultative Council or of any subcommittee, other than the Disciplinary Committee, by any person employed by the member in a managerial capacity and nominated in a manner acceptable to the chairman of such meeting, and such person may attend and vote on behalf of that member at any such meeting and shall be deemed for the purposes of such meeting to have the powers and functions of the designated representative. (Replaced 22 of 1982 s. 2)
Every designation may be withdrawn and replaced by a new designation in writing at any time.
The management of the Association shall be vested in the Committee and all the powers of the Association shall be vested in and exercisable by the Committee except so far as this Ordinance or any bylaws made hereunder otherwise authorize.
The Committee may appoint subcommittees for the better discharge of its functions under this Ordinance and may delegate to any subcommittee any of its powers and functions:Provided that the Committee shall not delegate to any subcommittee the power to impose penalties for breach of any rule made by the Committee pursuant to section 12.
The Committee may in its discretion co-opt any member of the Association to be a member of any subcommittee other than the Disciplinary Committee.
The Committee may, after such consultation with the Financial Secretary as he shall consider appropriate, from time to time make such rules relating to the conduct of the business of banking as do not derogate from any law and may in particular, but without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, make rules— (Amended L.N. 46 of 1991; L.N. 386 of 1993)
as to the maximum rates of interest, return, discount or other benefit which may be paid or granted by members, or by any specified category of members, in respect of—
specified Hong Kong dollar deposits of their customers;
specified instruments;
as to the keeping and maintenance of clearing accounts in conformity with the terms and conditions specified by the Financial Secretary under section 3A of the Exchange Fund Ordinance (Cap. 66); (Added 30 of 1991 s. 4. Amended 76 of 1995 s. 7)
as to the imposition of deposit charges, and the minimum deposit charges to be so imposed; (Added 30 of 1991 s. 4)
as to the payment of deposit charges by customers to members; (Added 30 of 1991 s. 4)
as to the imposition of interest charges, and the rates of interest charges to be so imposed; (Added 30 of 1991 s. 4)
as to the payment of interest charges by a member to the Financial Secretary for the account of the Exchange Fund; (Replaced 76 of 1995 s. 7)
as to the conduct of foreign exchange business and the minimum commissions and charges to be applied therefor;
as to the conduct of securities and safe custody business and the minimum commissions and charges to be applied therefor;
as to the minimum charges to be applied by members for the issuance of guarantees or other documents;
as to any other charges relating to the provision of any banking service, not being charges by way of interest or return payable on loans or advances granted by members;
prohibiting members from transacting any specified type of business or using any particular type of instrument.
All amounts of interest charges paid to the Financial Secretary for the account of the Exchange Fund in accordance with rules made under this section shall be credited to the Exchange Fund. (Added 30 of 1991 s. 4)
Rules made by the Committee pursuant to subsection (1)—
may be amended by the Committee at any time;
shall be binding on each member upon being served on the member as provided in subsection (3);
shall not be subsidiary legislation, rules, regulations or bylaws within the meaning of those words in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (Cap. 1) including sections 20 and 34 thereof.
Rules made under subsection (1) or amended under subsection (2) shall—
be delivered;
be sent by registered post or recorded delivery; or
be sent by telex, facsimile transmission or other similar method,
to every member at its registered office or principal place of business in Hong Kong and, unless the contrary is proved, services shall be deemed to have been effected—
upon delivery;
48 hours after the time of posting; or
immediately after the time of sending by telex, facsimile transmission or other similar method,
as the case may be. (Replaced 30 of 1991 s. 4)
The Committee shall appoint a Secretary and may appoint other officers, servants and agents at such remuneration and upon such terms and conditions of appointment as it thinks fit.
The Committee may grant, or make provision for the grant of pensions, gratuities and retirement or other benefits to employees of the Association.
The function of the Consultative Council shall be to advise the Committee on any matter relating to the business of banking which—
is referred to it by the Committee;
it chooses to consider;
it is requested, by a notice in writing signed by not less than 50 members, to consider with a view to advising the Committee.
Meetings of the Consultative Council shall be held at such times and places as the Consultative Council or the Chairman thereof may from time to time appoint.
The following procedural provisions shall apply to every meeting of the Consultative Council—
15 members shall form a quorum;
the Chairman shall preside; (Replaced 76 of 1995 s. 8)
if the Chairman is absent, the Vice-Chairman who most recently held office as Chairman and who is present at the meeting shall preside; (Added 76 of 1995 s. 8)
if the Chairman and all Vice-Chairmen who have held office as Chairman are absent, then the members present shall select a Vice-Chairman to preside; (Added 76 of 1995 s. 8)
if the Chairman and all Vice-Chairmen are absent, a member selected by the members present shall preside. (Added 76 of 1995 s. 8)
Subject to subsection (2), the Consultative Council shall regulate its own procedure relating to its meeting and the conduct thereof.
The Financial Secretary may, by order published in the Gazette, amend the number provided for in subsection (2)(a). (Amended 76 of 1995 s. 8)
(Repealed 76 of 1995 s. 9)
The Committee must— (Amended 14 of 2025 s. 213)
appoint from amongst its members a Disciplinary Committee of 4 members comprising the following—
2 continuing members;
1 member whose place of incorporation is Hong Kong or who is a re-domiciled entity; (Amended 27 of 1986 s. 137; 43 of 1990 s. 16)
1 member whose place of incorporation is outside Hong Kong and who is not a re-domiciled entity; and (Amended 14 of 2025 s. 213)
designate one of the members of the Disciplinary Committee to be chairman thereof.
A member of the Disciplinary Committee appointed under subsection (1)(a)(iii) ceases to be a member of the Disciplinary Committee on becoming a re-domiciled entity. (Added 14 of 2025 s. 213)
If a vacancy arises under subsection (2), the Committee must—
appoint another member to fill the vacancy as soon as practicable; and
if the outgoing member was designated as the chairman under subsection (1)(b)—designate another member as chairman as soon as an appointment under paragraph (a) is made. (Added 14 of 2025 s. 213)
A complaint that a member has acted in breach of any rule relating to the conduct of the business of banking made under section 12(1) shall be made in writing to the Chairman of the Committee who shall submit the complaint to the Committee which may, in its discretion, refer the complaint to the Disciplinary Committee.
The Committee may act on its own information in referring a complaint to the Disciplinary Committee.
The Disciplinary Committee shall notify the member in respect of which a complaint is made of the nature of the complaint and of the date, time and place fixed for a hearing of the complaint.
The member in respect of which a complaint is made shall be entitled to appear at the hearing and present its case.
For the purposes of the hearing of a complaint the Disciplinary Committee shall have the following powers—
to take evidence on oath;
to summon any employee of any member to attend the hearing to give evidence or produce any document or other thing in his possession and to examine him as a witness;
to award to a witness such expenses as, in the opinion of the Disciplinary Committee, he has incurred by reason of his attendance.
A summons to a witness shall be signed by the Chairman of the Disciplinary Committee.
At the hearing of a complaint—
a member selected for the purpose by the Disciplinary Committee or a solicitor or counsel on its behalf shall present the case against the member in respect of which the complaint is made;
the member in respect of which the complaint is made shall be entitled to be represented by a solicitor or counsel.
If, after due inquiry, the Disciplinary Committee is satisfied that a complaint under section 17 is proved, the Disciplinary Committee may recommend to the Committee that it should impose or procure to be imposed on the member in respect of which a complaint is made any of the penalties referred to in section 21:
Provided that no such recommendation shall be made by the Disciplinary Committee unless the decision to make the recommendation is by an affirmative vote of not less than three quarters of the members of the Disciplinary Committee present and voting at the inquiry at which such recommendation is made.
The Committee may, following a recommendation by the Disciplinary Committee, in its discretion impose or procure to be imposed on a member any of the following penalties for breach of any rule made pursuant to section 12(1)— (Amended L.N. 446 of 1994)
a reprimand;
after consultation with the Monetary Authority, the suspension of membership for any period not exceeding 3 months;
with the approval of the Financial Secretary, the suspension of facilities for the clearing of cheques and other instruments of a member for any period not exceeding 3 months;
with the approval of the Monetary Authority, the expulsion of a member from membership of the Association:
Provided that any decision to impose or procure the imposition of any penalty shall be made by an affirmative vote of not less than three quarters of the members of the Committee present and voting at the meeting at which such decision is taken.
No appeal shall lie against the decision of the Committee to impose or procure to be imposed any penalty pursuant to subsection (1).
Where a penalty is imposed pursuant to subsection (1), the Committee—
may cause notice of the imposition of such penalty to be published in the Gazette;
shall give written notice to the Monetary Authority of such action and the reasons therefor.
Where the Committee, with the approval of the Financial Secretary, suspends or procures the suspension of clearing facilities pursuant to subsection (1)(c) then whilst such suspension is in force no member shall act as sub-clearer for the member whose clearing facilities have been so suspended.
(Amended 76 of 1995 s. 10)
All property of whatever kind and whether movable or immovable vested in or belonging to the Exchange Banks’ Association immediately before the commencement* of this Ordinance is as from such commencement transferred to and vested in the same interest in the Association without any further assurance and the Association shall have all powers necessary to take possession of, recover and obtain the benefit of such property.
All rights, obligations and liabilities of the Exchange Banks’ Association immediately before the commencement of this Ordinance are as from such commencement the rights, obligations and liabilities of the Association and the Association shall have all necessary powers to exercise or discharge the same.
(Omitted as spent—E.R. 5 of 2021)
Where anything has been commenced by or under the authority of the Exchange Banks’ Association before the commencement* of this Ordinance such thing may be carried on and completed by, or under the authority of, the Association.
In any enactment containing reference to the Exchange Banks’ Association or the Hong Kong Exchange Banks’ Association or words to the like effect, there shall be substituted for such reference a reference to The Hong Kong Association of Banks.
| Place of incorporation or principal place of business of member | Number of members of the Consultative Council to be elected by members incorporated in or, in the case of unincorporated members, having their principal place of business in, that region | |||
| Belgium, Denmark, France, The Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, The Republic of Ireland, Spain, United Kingdom | 4 | |||
| Austria, Liechtenstein, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland | 1 | |||
| India, Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, Qatar, Thailand, United Arab Emirates | 1 | |||
| Australia, Indonesia, New Zealand, The Philippines | 1 | |||
| Korea, Singapore, Taiwan China | 1 | |||
| The People’s Republic of China | 2 | |||
| Hong Kong | 5 | |||
| Japan | 3 | |||
| Canada, United States of America | 3 | |||
| ___ | ||||
| Total number of elected members | 21 | |||
(Replaced L.N. 132 of 1989. Amended L.N. 29 of 1991; 30 of 1991 s. 6; L.N. 7 of 1994; L.N. 109 of 2023)
(Repealed 76 of 1995 s. 11)