A A
B B
DCCC 332/2023
C
[2025] HKDC 1131 C
D D
香港特別行政區
E 區域法院 E
刑事案件 2023 年第 332 號
F F
G G
--------------------------------
H 香港特別行政區 H
訴
I I
朱靜遠
J J
--------------------------------
K K
主審法官: 區域法院法官謝沈智慧
L L
日期: 2025 年 7 月 3 日
M 出席人士: 陳舶港先生,為外聘檢控官,代表香港特別行政區 M
N
鄭凱霖女士,由楊錦園陳漢標陳炎波律師行延聘,代 N
表被告人
O O
控罪: 處理已知道或相信為代表從可公訴罪行的得益的財產
P (Dealing with property known or believed to represent P
Q proceeds of an indictable offence) Q
R R
------------------------
S 判刑理由書 S
------------------------
T T
U U
V V
-2-
A A
B B
C
1. 被告人被控一項「處理已知道或相信為代表從可公訴罪 C
行的得益的財產」,違反香港法例第 455 章《有組織及嚴重罪行條
D D
例》第 25(1) 及 (3)條。涉案金額為 5,025,394.29 港元。
E E
F
2. 經審訊後,被告人被裁定罪名成立。這是本席的判刑理 F
由。
G G
H 案情撮要 H
I I
3. 本案的案情如下:
J J
K 背景 K
L L
(1) 2016 年 6 月 22 日,女子「陳美玲」透過「臉書」
M M
( Facebook ) 社 交 平 台 認 識 了 一 位 網 上 名 叫
N 「Kelvin Hui」的人士。2016 年 7 月 2 日,該 N
「 Kelvin Hui」 透 過 WhatsApp 通 訊 軟件 , 告 訴
O O
「陳美玲」他先父擁有石油公司,他急需金錢支
P P
付關於繼承他先父遺產的行政費用,答應「陳美
Q 玲」當他得到先父遺產後,便會和「陳美玲」結 Q
婚。因相信該「Kelvin Hui」的承諾,「陳美玲」
R R
於 2016 年 7 月 2 日至 2018 年 2 月 1 日期間,從受
S S
僱的公司(即「進滙策略(國際)有限公司」)
T 盜取了港幣約 2,000 多萬元,用該筆盜取的款項, T
U U
V V
-3-
A A
B B
連同其他的款項轉賬 / 存進了 388 筆款項,共
C 26,469,359 港元到 36 個本地或海外的銀行帳戶。 C
「陳美玲」後來發現被該「Kelvin Hui」欺騙,於
D D
是報案。警方調查後發現被告人是其中一個接收
E E
款項帳戶的擁有人。
F F
(2) 被告人於 2017 年 7 月 24 日開設了一個香港上海滙
G G
豐銀行有限公司(滙豐銀行)的綜合銀行帳戶,
H H
號碼為 023-630809-833(該帳戶)。2017 年 8 月 2
I 日至 2017 年 11 月 13 日期間,「陳美玲」一共存 I
進了 28 筆款項合計港幣 1,672,300 元到該帳戶。該
J J
些存進該帳戶的款項於存款當天或 2-3 天內,在馬
K K
來西亞被人從自動櫃員機分幾次、每次以較少的
L 金額提走。 L
M M
(3) 警方的進一步調查顯示,2017 年 7 月 27 日至 2018
N N
年 2 月 23 日期間,總共有 81 筆存款,合計港幣
O 5,025,394.29 元存入該帳戶及 1,096 次提款,合計港 O
幣 5,017,340.16 元從該帳戶提取。警方留意到這些
P P
存款及頻繁較少金額的提款顯示了「洗黑錢」的
Q Q
模式,而所有提款都是在馬來西亞從自動櫃員機
R 提取。 R
S S
(4) 被告人的出入境紀錄顯示,2017 年 7 月 24 日至
T T
2018 年 2 月 4 日期間,她有 3 次離境前往內地或澳
U U
V V
-4-
A A
B B
門的紀錄,另有一次於 2017 年 11 月 29 日從機場
C 離境及於 2017 年 12 月 6 日回港的紀錄。 C
D D
(5) 根據稅務局的報稅紀錄,2015 年至 2018 年期間,
E E
被告人報稱的職業為「行政助理」,年薪約為港
F 幣 300,184 元。 F
G G
拘捕及警誡
H H
(6) 被告人於 2018 年 10 月 23 日被警方拘捕。警誡下
I I
她承認該帳戶屬她持有,及她曾協助她的一名網
J J
上認識的朋友轉賬款項,以協助這朋友經營他的
K 生意。 K
L L
警誡錄影會面
M M
N (7) 在其後的警誡錄影會面中,被告人作出了包括以 N
下的陳述:
O O
P P
(i) 她持有兩個滙豐銀行帳戶,一個是「運籌帳
Q 戶」(即該帳戶),另一個是「卓越理財帳 Q
戶」。
R R
S S
(ii) 該帳戶是為一名叫「Kelvin Cheung」的網上
T 朋友開立,而他從未見過「Kelvin Cheung」 T
真人或與他作電話交談。
U U
V V
-5-
A A
B B
C
(iii) 約於 2017 年 6 月或 7 月,她開始在「臉書」 C
聊天室與「Kelvin Cheung」聊天,但她沒有
D D
保留該些聊天記錄。
E E
F
(iv) 「Kelvin Cheung」告訴被告人,他在馬來西 F
亞經營生意,但他不能來香港開立銀行帳戶。
G G
H (v) 「Kelvin Cheung」要求被告人在香港開立一 H
個銀行帳戶,並把銀行提款咭郵寄給他。
I I
J J
(vi) 「Kelvin Cheung」答應給被告人報酬,但被
K 告人表示不需要任何報酬。 K
L L
(vii) 除了存款及提款外,所有該帳戶的操作由被
M M
告人進行。
N N
(viii) 被告人沒有告訴「Kelvin Cheung」該帳戶的
O O
電話銀行密碼。
P P
Q (ix) 當被告人收到「Kelvin Cheung」或滙豐銀行 Q
通知該帳戶收到美元存款時,被告人會利用
R R
電話銀行服務把該些美元款項兌換成港幣。
S S
T (x) 對於該些存進該帳戶的款項被迅即提取,被 T
告人感到有些可疑。
U U
V V
-6-
A A
B B
C
(xi) 「Kelvin Cheung」聲稱,提取的款項用於支 C
付員工薪金。
D D
E (xii) 對於誰存入該些款項及誰提取該些款項,被 E
F
告人表示並不知情。 F
G G
判刑原則
H H
4. 「處理已知道或相信為可公訴罪行的得益的財產」是嚴
I I
重控罪,最高刑期為罰款 500 萬元及監禁 14 年。
J J
K 5. 這類控罪的案情千變萬化,因此沒有量刑指引:HKSAR K
v Shing Siu Ming [1999] 2 HKC 818; HKSAR v Mak Shing [2002] HKCU
L L
1109 (CACC 322/2001, 2002 年 9 月 18 日);HKSAR v Kamran [2005]
M M
HKCU 923 (CACC 400/2004, 2005 年 4 月 12 日,未經彙編),HKSAR
N v Jain Nikhil and Another [2007] 2 HKC 205 及 HKSAR v Boma Amaso N
[2012] 1 HKC 504。這類控罪嚴重之處,是犯案人嘗試將從可公訴罪
O O
行的得益變成合法的資金(Legitimise),因此需判處阻嚇性刑罰:
P P
HKSAR v Kamran(同上)。除非有極特殊的求情因素,就算是初犯
Q 者也需判處即時監禁:HKSAR v Choi Sui Hey [2008] 6 HKC 166; Q
HKSAR v Boma (同上);HKSAR v Ng Man Yee [2014] 4 HKC 241 及
R R
Secretary for Justice v Siu Yun Yee [2017] 3 HKLRD 678。
S S
T 6. 涉案財產背後的可公訴罪行的性質並不重要。可是,如 T
被告人知道財產來自極嚴重的控罪是加刑因素:HKSAR v Xu Xia Li
U U
V V
-7-
A A
B B
and Another [2004] 4 HKC 16; HKSAR v Yam Kong Lai [2008] 5 HKLRD
C
384 及 Secretary for Justice v Choi Sui Hey (同上)。 C
D D
7. 判刑時,法庭需考慮被告人處理的金額,而非被告人本
E 人的得益:HKSAR v Wu Jianbing [2012] 1 HKLRD 781 及 HKSAR v E
F
Chen Zhen Chu [2007] 5 HKC 505。就算被告人全無得益也非減刑因 F
素:Secretary for Justice v Ngai Fung Sin Apple [2013] 5 HKLRD 104。
G G
H 8. 於 香港特別行政區 訴 許有益 [2010] 5 HKLRD 536,上 H
訴法庭列出一些判刑時法庭需考慮的因素:
I I
J J
「9. 由於處理公訴罪行得益的財產這類案件會涉及不同
的案情,故此法庭沒有定下量刑指引。但以下各點是量刑
K 的參考因素: K
L (a) 涉案的金額是重要的考慮因素,而非被告人 L
本身在這次交易所獲得的利益。
M M
(b) 控罪的罪責是協助、支持及鼓勵有關的公訴
罪行,故此被告人的參與程度及涉及「洗黑
N 錢」的次數是有關連的因素。 N
O (c) 處理公訴罪行得益的財產控罪與有關的公訴 O
罪行不一定有直接關係,但若果有關的公訴
罪行是可以確認的,那麼法庭是可以在處理
P P
控罪時考慮有關公訴罪行本身的刑期。
Q (d) 若案件涉及國際跨境成份,法庭可採用較嚴 Q
峻的刑期,以免香港作為國際金融及銀行中
R 心的形象受損。 R
(e) 涉案的時間。」
S S
T T
U U
V V
-8-
A A
B B
9. 於 HKSAR v Boma Amaso(同上),上訴法庭指:
C C
“(1) Given the highly variable circumstances in which the
D offence might be committed, it is difficult and undesirable to D
offer guidelines. This is a category of offence which calls for the
sentencing judge to engage his “feel” for the case and his
E sentencing experience bearing in mind always the mischief at E
which the legislation was directed. The best one could do is to
F draw the attention of judges to relevant sentencing F
considerations. …
G (2) First, any sentencing exercise must recognize that the G
maximum sentence is 14 years’ imprisonment. Second,
deterrence is paramount as the criminality in laundering arose
H H
from the encouragement and nourishment it gave to crime in
general (R v Basra [2002] 2 Cr App R(S) 469 applied) …
I I
(3) Third, the Director of Public Prosecutions should not feel
constrained by prior judgments of the Court, which had created
J J
the perception that most cases should be tried in the District
Court, from bringing cases in the High Court involving huge
K sums of money or where the predicate offence was particularly K
serious. The alternative, the exclusion of the High Court as a
possible forum, brings distortions to justice …
L L
(4) Fourth, the question of the amount of money laundered
M was not the be-all and end-all of a case, but it was a significant M
feature …
N (5) Fifth, the Court should take into account some of the N
other significant features inter alia, (a) the nature of the
predicate offence; (b) the state of the offender’s knowledge; (c)
O O
where the operation involved an international dimension, this
would be a significant aggravating feature; (d) sophistication of
P the offence, including the degree of planning; (e) where the P
offence was committed by or on behalf of an organized criminal
syndicate would be an aggravated feature; (f) whether there was
Q one transaction or many and the length of time over which the Q
offence was committed; (g) whether the offender continue to
R launder funds after he had discovered the nature of the funds R
were proceeds of an offence or a serious offence was involved;
(h) the role of the offender and the act performed by him. The
S list was non-exhaustive. …” S
T T
U U
V V
-9-
A A
B B
10. 於律政司司長 對 雲國強 [2012] 1 HKLRD 197,被告人承
C 認清洗黑錢罪(控罪一)及收受賭注罪(控罪二)。案情顯示被告 C
人透過一名朋友(下稱 X)的帳戶,在非法足球博彩網站替四名客
D D
人投注。輸錢的客人把款項存入被告人的銀行帳戶,而贏錢的客人
E E
則先由被告人向 X 收錢,然後以轉賬形式或親手把款項交給客戶。
F 2002 年至 2009 年期間,被告人的帳戶的提存次數分別是 2,222 次及 F
1,696 次,所涉總金額約為 1,400 萬元。原審法官認為被告人的洗黑
G G
錢罪行組織簡單,亦沒有集團操控,採納下列量刑基準和刑期減
H H
幅:(a) 控罪一:監禁 21 個月,但刑期因被告人認罪而扣減至 14 個
I 月;及 (b) 控罪二:監禁 3 個月,但刑期因被告人認罪而扣減至兩個 I
J
月。由於兩罪的案情重疊,因此法官下令上述刑罰同期執行。律政 J
司司長申請覆核判刑,理由為控罪一的量刑基準明顯不足。上訴法
K K
院批准申請,改判被告人監禁兩年半,並列出一些法庭判刑時須考
L L
慮的因素:
M M
「12. “洗黑錢”是嚴重罪行,原因是“洗黑錢”不但間接地
N 鼓勵犯罪活動,更試圖把犯罪得益合法化。為了打擊嚴重 N
罪行,避免犯案者獲得經濟利益,阻嚇“洗黑錢”罪行是必
O
需 的 ( 見 上訴 法 庭 在 香港特別行政區 訴 Javid Kamran O
(CACC 400/2004)、香港特別行政區 訴 Xu Xia Li 及另一人
[2004] 4 HKC 16 等案)。
P P
13. 一般而言“洗黑錢”罪行的判刑應主要反映清洗“黑錢”
Q 的數額 ,而非被告人或其他人的得益。原因是要證明有關 Q
得益,非常困難而在大多數“洗黑錢”案件亦可能沒有證據
R 顯示“黑錢”究竟是從甚麼公訴罪行所 生的。當然如有資 R
料證明“黑錢”源自嚴重罪行,包括販毒、擄人勒索、非法
販賣人口和其他有組織罪行等或被告人的得益極大,則判
S S
刑理應上調。
T 14. 本庭在其他多宗同類案件亦列出其他和判刑有關的 T
因素,包括犯案的次數及犯案時間的長短、被告人參與和
U U
V V
- 10 -
A A
B “黑錢”有關罪行的程度、罪行是否有組織及是否精密等 B
等。
C C
15. 在香港特別行政區 訴 許有益 [2010] 5 HKLRD 536 案,
上訴法庭張澤 法官在判案書上列出多宗“洗黑錢”案件所
D D
涉的金額和判刑。當涉案“黑錢”是 100 至 200 萬元時,量
刑基準約為 3 年,300 萬元至 600 萬元約為 4 年,而 1,000
E 萬元以上則可超過 5 年。 E
F 16. 本案的“黑錢”源自非法收受足球博彩賭注,而非特 F
別嚴重的罪行。答辯人的罪行,包括其收受賭注罪行的組
織亦非嚴密。根據答辯人的招認,他從罪行取得的金額亦
G G
非巨大,不超過 15 萬元。本庭同意以“洗黑錢”罪行而言,
本案並非是十分嚴重的一宗。
H H
17. 但本庭不能忽視答辯人在長達 7 年期間“洗黑錢”,
I 次數以千計,而總額更達 1,400 萬元,本庭亦不能忽視答辯 I
人清洗的“黑錢”源自他有份參與的收受賭注罪行。
J J
18. 本庭同意司長的立場,認為原審時葉法官就“洗黑錢”
罪所採納的 21 個月量刑基準明顯不足,是遠低於一名有將
K 全部有關因素考慮在內的法官會合理地認為是適當的(見 K
Lord Lane CJ 在 AG’s Reference No. 4 of 1989 [1990] 1 WLR
L 41 案在判案書 46 頁 A 行所表達的驗證準則)。」 L
M M
被告人的背景
N N
11. 被告人現年 59 歲,案發時 51 歲。 她於 1983 年中五畢業
O O
後一邊工作,一邊於香港大學專業進修學院修讀秘書及行政管理文
P P
憑課程。1988 年,被告人修讀由「Upper Iowa University」於香港舉
Q 辦的遙距課程,並於 1990 年畢業及取得管理學學士學位。多年來, Q
被告人於不同公司任職秘書或文職工作。被定罪前,她於一間名為
R R
「 Healthcare Staffing Solutions Limited 」 的 公 司 任 職 辦 公 室 經 理
S S
(office manager),月入約港幣三萬元。
T T
U U
V V
- 11 -
A A
B B
12. 被告人和丈夫於 2006 年結成夫婦。丈夫現年 67 歲;兩
C 人育有一子。被定罪前,被告人與丈夫及兒子同住。兒子於 2007 年 C
出生,現年 18 歲,下一個學年準備升讀大學。2008 年,被告人丈夫
D D
被公司辭退,之後沒有再找工作,留在家中照顧兒子。自此,被告
E E
人成為家庭經濟支柱。2022 年,丈夫確診患上前列腺癌,於同年進
F 行手術,現時大致康復,但仍需定期複診。被告人母親現年 84 歲, F
獨居。被告人是母親的獨女,兩人感情緊密。
G G
H H
13. 被告人以往沒有任何刑事定罪紀錄。
I I
討論
J J
K 14. 大律師指與控罪相關而有實際交易的時段只有 3 個月 22 K
L 日 , 犯 罪 時 間不 算 太 長。 大 律 師續 指, 雖 然 涉 案 總額 合 共 港 幣 L
5,025,394.29 元,被告人只將 6 次的貨幣存款兌換成港幣(合共港幣
M M
1,109,240.90 元)。因此,被告人實際透過操作去處理款項的金額佔
N N
總存款的比例不高。
O O
15. 本席不敢苟同。控罪的涉案時段為 2017 年 7 月 17 日至
P P
2018 年 2 月 23 日。根據香港法例第 455 章《有組織及嚴重罪行條例》
Q Q
第 2 條,「處理」(dealing),就第 15(1)或 25 條所提出的財產而
R 言,包括:— R
S S
(a) 收受或取得該財產;
T T
U U
V V
- 12 -
A A
B B
(b) 隱藏或掩飾該財產(不論是隱藏或掩飾該財產的
C 性質、來源、所在位置、處置、調動或擁有權或 C
與其有關的任何權利或其他方面的事宜);
D D
E E
(c) 處置或轉換該財產;
F F
(d) 將該財產運入香港或調離香港;
G G
H (e) 以該財產借貸,或作保證。(不論是藉押記、按 H
揭或質押或其他方式)。
I I
J J
16. 根據雙方承認的事實第 6 段,2017 年 8 月 2 日至 2017 年
K 11 月 13 日期間,「陳美玲」共存入 28 筆款項,合共港幣 1,672,300 K
元。證供顯示,2017 年 7 月 28 日至 2018 年 2 月 23 日期間,共有 81
L L
筆 存 款 , 合 共 港 幣 5,025,394.29 元 及 1,096 次 提 款 , 合 共 港 幣
M M
5,017,340.16 元。被告人接收存款已構成「處理」黑錢。有實際交易
N 的犯案時段最少為 2017 年 7 月 28 日至 2018 年 2 月 23 日(即約 7 個 N
O 月)。涉案行為並非單一交易。於 7 個月內,已有 81 次存款及 1,096 O
次提款。
P P
Q 17. 大律師續指,本案「洗黑錢」的手法並不涉及繁複的步 Q
R
驟、計劃或詐騙手段。戶口的模式簡單,款項存入戶口後,便在馬 R
來西亞分多次被提取,沒有涉及迂迴的處理手段令款項難以追尋。
S S
雖然被告人曾六次將存入涉案戶口的外幣兌換成港幣,但這只屬簡
T 單操作。案中證據顯示款項不可能由被告人提取;被告人只是提供 T
U U
V V
- 13 -
A A
B B
了涉案戶口予「Kelvin Cheung」使用,用作接收存款及提供提款咭
C 給「Kelvin Cheung」於馬來西亞提款。本案中沒有證據顯示被告人 C
提供戶口予「Kelvin Cheung」以外的人作提存;亦沒證據顯示有否
D D
其他犯案人士、他們的組織及規模。
E E
F 18. 大律師亦指,沒有證供顯示被告人知道「前置罪行」的 F
性質及涉案「黑錢」的來源。因此,與明知道相關「前置罪行」是
G G
什麼及明知道涉案款項為「黑錢」的人相比,被告人的罪責較低。
H H
大律師亦指,沒有證據顯示被告人涉及或以任何形式參與「前置罪
I 行」或與「Kelvin Cheung」或使用「Kelvin Cheung」身份的人或集 I
團有任何關連;更沒有顯示被告人獲得任何形式的報酬、獎勵或利
J J
益。大律師再指,沒有證供顯示被告人於發現涉案款項為「黑錢」
K K
後仍繼續處理該款項。因此沒有加刑因素。
L L
19. 大律師亦指,證供顯示被告人很大程度上是因受到情感
M M
影響,應「Kelvin Cheung」的要求及 / 或被「Kelvin Cheung」利用,
N N
才開設涉案戶口,並將提款咭寄給「Kelvin Cheung」。因此,被告
O 人在本案的角色較為被動,比起存心借出戶口獲取報酬,並對戶口 O
交易不聞不問的情況相比,罪責較輕。
P P
Q Q
20. 本席同意本案的「洗黑錢」計劃並不複雜,亦沒有證供
R 顯示「Kelvin Cheung」背後組織的規模。除了「Kelvin Cheung」之 R
外,只有一名負責收取提款咭的外籍人士。可是,本席不能漠視被
S S
告人是專誠設立涉案戶口去處理涉案的黑錢;就算「Kelvin Cheung」
T T
的說法千瘡百孔,只要「Kelvin Cheung」表現不悅,被告人便不作
U U
V V
- 14 -
A A
B B
追問;而於開始「洗黑錢」前,分別兩間銀行的職員向被告人表示,
C 將戶口借給他人使用是違法行為,被告人仍聽若罔聞。被告人不只 C
開設戶口給「Kelvin Cheung」使用,還負責將外幣兌換成港幣,罪
D D
責比單單借出戶口的人嚴重。本案涉款超過 500 萬,金額可觀。本
E E
席認為,適當的量刑基準為 3 年半監禁。
F F
21. 另外,證供顯示,部份存款為外匯,而所有提款均於馬
G G
來西亞進行。因此本案涉及跨國元素,而這是嚴重的加刑因素。因
H H
此,本席將量刑基準上調 6 個月(即量刑起點為 4 年監禁)。
I I
減刑因素
J J
K 22. 被告人是經審訊後被定罪,全無悔意,不可獲得認罪的 K
L 扣減。 L
M M
23. 被告人的丈夫、兒子、母親、上司及同事於求情信中均
N 異口同聲指被告人為人和善、樂於助人、有責任感、做事專業及不 N
O 遺餘力,多年來為其家庭付出,不求回報,辛勤工作,以照顧家 O
人。
P P
Q 24. 大律師指被告人過往一直努力進修、工作,為家人付 Q
R
出,亦受到上司及同事尊重及信任。被捕後,被告人面對檢控的煎 R
熬仍態度積極及正面,繼續工作及照顧家人。大律師要求法庭考
S S
慮,判處被告人監禁,被告人將會與一直相依為命的丈夫、兒子及
T 媽媽分離。考慮到被告人的背景,她的重犯機會極低,予以輕判。 T
U U
V V
- 15 -
A A
B B
C
25. 眾所周知,面對嚴重控罪時,被告人的個人及家庭背 C
景,判刑對家人的影響均並非減刑因素。Sentencing in Hong Kong
D D
11th Edition 指出:
E E
“[30-130] Family circumstances are often prayed in aid in
F F
mitigation by convicted persons. However, ‘family hardship
which is usually attendant upon the conviction is to be viewed
G as a part of the price an accused must pay for the crime’: HKSAR G
v Li Kwok-ching [2005] HKCU 1702 (HCMA 1132/2005, 30
November 2005, unreported). Those who commit offences
H should keep in mind ‘the principle that the adverse effect of H
imprisonment upon an offender’s family is not a factor normally
I to be taken into account’: HKSAR v Chan Kin-chung [2002] 4 I
HKC 314, 321. Family circumstances, in any event, ‘are matters
which a wise man would take into consideration before he
J commits an offence and not after’: HKSAR v To Yiu-Cho [2009] J
5 HKLRD 309, 311 … If a family really faces hardship as a
result of the offender’s imprisonment, it ‘can always ask for the
K K
help of the Social Welfare Department should a need arise’:
HKSAR v Thapa Kishan [2013] 4 HKC 524, 527.
L L
[30-131] An accused must appreciate that his family will
suffer ‘if he is caught and convicted’: R v Shipra [1988] HKC
M M
412 …In HKSAR v Shum Chung-wai [2002] 2 HKLRD 81, 87,
Luger-Mawson J said: ‘This court has said many times that
N family circumstances should be disregarded, particularly when N
sentences for serious offences are concerned’. When a robber
sought early release so he could look after his sick wife, this was
O refused by Poon JA, because he ‘knew full well of her O
circumstances when he committed the present offence’: HKSAR
P
v Thapa Krishna Kumar [2023] HKCU 5053 …” P
Q 26. 大律師亦指出,被告人之前沒有刑事定罪紀錄。可是, Q
這亦非減刑因素。Sentencing in Hong Kong 11th Edition 指出:
R R
S “[7-3] if an accused has a clear record, this may indicate that S
his crime is ‘completely out of character’: R v Law Cheuk-lung
T [1997] HKCU 404 (CACC 9/1997, 20 June 1997, unreported). T
If so, this may be of particular relevance to sentencing if the
accused is of advanced years. That a 71-year old accused had
U U
V V
- 16 -
A A
B been a hard-working family man who had committed no prior B
criminal offences and had made some positive contribution to
C society was something which attracted credit in Secretary for C
Justice v Wong Hong-Leung [2010] 1 HKLRD 226, 235 …
D [7-5] In R v Chan Ka-choi [1988] 1 HKLR 530, 534 … the D
traditional approach of the courts to the issue of clear record was
explained:
E E
Once the offender had been found guilty of the
F offence, the court must, leaving aside person F
circumstances and previous record, make an
assessment as to the proper sentence to be imposed
G G
given the type of offence and the circumstances of its
commission. When this had been done, the court
H must give credit for absence of previous convictions H
and for personal circumstances.
I [7-6] Credit for a clear record is, however, by no means a I
given. Much will depend upon the nature of the offence and the
J position of the offender. In HKSAR v Law Num-chun [2014] 6 J
HKC 606, 617: Lunn VP said:
K [T]he principle is that good character is not a factor K
relevant generally to determining the starting point to
be taken for sentence in serious criminal offences for
L L
which a deterrent sentence is required.
M [7-7] Those involved in commercial fraud must expect M
immediate imprisonment, save in exceptional circumstances:
HKSAR v Ho Ka-keung (No.2) [2009] 1 HKC 88, 92. Serious
N white-collar crime attracts condign sentences: R v Pantano N
(1990) 49 A Crim R 328, 30 …
O O
[7-18] The relevance of good character is related to the
circumstances of the accused. Good character sometimes refers
P to no more than an absence of previous convictions, and this is P
not a basis for an additional discount: HKSAR v Wong Kam-
Q
shing, Jackie [2010] 4 HKC 580, 584 … The mere absence of Q
criminal convictions must not be confused with positive good
character, and the simple discharge of duties in a proper manner
R ‘does not constitute what is to be regarded as positive good R
character’: HKSAR v Leung Ping-nam [2007] 5 HKC 413, 427;
HKSAR v Chung Ka-hung [2010] HKCU 738 (CACC 349/2008,
S S
31 March 2010, unreported).
T [7-23] If the court decides that the offence is such as to T
require a deterrent sentence, it may be necessary to select a
higher starting point. The clear record of the accused will not,
U U
V V
- 17 -
A A
B that is, affect the starting point for sentence: HKSAR v Lam Ying- B
yu [2014] 2 HKLRD 895 … In such circumstances, perhaps
C because of the magnitude of prevalence of the offence and the C
need for deterrence, the personal circumstances of the accused
will count for little. In Re Applications for Review of Sentence
D [1972] HKLR 370, 406, Huggins J said: D
Of course there will be classes of case where the public
E E
interest so manifestly calls for a deterrent sentence that
only most exceptional circumstances relating to the
F offender could outweigh the need to deter others, but we F
must never rule out that such exceptional circumstances
may arise.
G G
[7-24] Examples of offences in respect of which the courts have
H concluded that exemplary sentences are appropriate include: … H
(9) Money laundering: Secretary for Justice v Siu
I Yun-yee [2017] 3 HKC 454;…” I
J J
27. 大律師指被捕後,被告人並沒自我放棄,繼續盡力工作
K 及照顧家人。Sentencing in Hong Kong 11th Edition 指出: K
L L
“[30-62] The way in which the accused has conducted himself
since he committed the offence may sometimes affect sentence.
M M
If there is ‘clear evidence of rehabilitation’ this may have
relevance: FGC v Western Australia (2008) 183 A Crim R 313,
N 341 …; R v Wong Hung-biu (CACC 579/1988, 9 March 1989, N
unreported). …
O [30-63] A discount, however, is by no means a given, … O
Absent a ‘character change or moral conversion’, the mere
P absence of criminality by an accused over the years since the P
offence may not avail him: HKSAR v Yamin [2017] HKCU 3086
(CACC 360/2016, 1 December 2017, unreported). Something
Q more substantial will normally be required. Q
[30-64] In R v Tutty [1998] 3 NZLR 165, 168, Thomas J said:
R R
While, therefore, a delay between the offending and
S sentencing is not in itself significant, matters which S
have transpired during the time may be pertinent. …
his conduct over the years may count in his favor. He
T may have faced up to and acknowledged his problem, T
demonstrated genuine remorse, obtained counselling
U U
V V
- 18 -
A A
B or treatment where necessary, or in some other way, B
sought to reform himself and atone for his earlier
C misdeeds. He may have obtained assistance for his C
victim. He may have made amends in many ways and
be able to show that he has led an exemplary life
D since his early offending. In all such cases it is these D
factors rather than the lapse of time in itself which
will be taken into consideration on sentencing. While
E E
in such circumstances the need for deterrence in the
case of the offender him or herself may have
F diminished or disappeared altogether, the need for a F
sentence which will serve as a general deterrent to
such offending remains. So, too, the need for a
G G
sentence to mark society’s denunciation and
abhorrence of such offending is unaffected.…”
H H
28. 大律師指,本案中被告人同意了整個控方案情,節省了
I I
法庭大量時間,要求法庭仿效 許有益 案,酌情給予扣減。另外,大
J J
律師指被告人於 2018 年被捕,經歷了六年半的煎熬才被定罪。
K K
29. Sentencing in Hong Kong 11th Edition 指出:
L L
M “[30-83] In Mills v HM Advocate and The Advocate General M
for Scotland 2002 SCR 860, 877, Lord Hope said that a delay in
bringing the accused to justice is widely recognizable as a
N N
mitigating factor that can be taken into account when he is being
sentenced.
O O
[30-84] This usually arises where the prosecution is at fault
for the delay: HKSAR v Lau Kin-Yu [2003] HKCU 251 (HCMA
P 391/2002, 13 March 2003, unreported). Such a delay might P
cause the accused to be ‘under the strain of legal proceedings for
Q a very long time’: Attorney General v Ling Kar-fai (No.2) [1997] Q
2 HKC 651, 654. If the accused is himself responsible for the
delay, he cannot expect to benefit: HKSAR v Chan Chun-chuen
R (CACC 233/2015, 30 October 2015, unreported). R
S
[30-85] In Secretary for Justice v Schmitt [2008] HKCU 979 S
(CAAR 12/2006, 17 June 2008, unreported), Stuart-Moore VP
noted that there is a delay in every case before trial, and that the
T ‘real question is whether there has been an unreasonable delay, T
through no fault of a defendant, which has contributed to his
punishment’. The court will also need to be satisfied that the
U U
V V
- 19 -
A A
B delay has ‘resulted in unfairness to the accused’: R v L (1995) 84 B
A Crim R 142, 145. If there is a delay, resulting from a very
C extensive (and necessary) investigation, the accused cannot C
expect to benefit therefrom: Secretary for Justice v Ip Hon-ming
and Anor [2015] 1 HKC 143, 168.
D D
[30-86] In HKSAR v Law King-yip and Ors [2004] HKCU
1391 (CACC 369/2003, 14 October 2004, unreported), (as
E E
approved in HKSAR v Cheung Suet-ting [2010] 6 HKC 249,
257), complaint was made, by one of several persons convicted
F of conspiracy to defraud, about the delay of over 30 months F
between the date of arrest and trial. It was further argued that
the trial of 108 hearing days had constituted an additional
G G
hardship, ‘worse’, so it was said, ‘than prison’. In rejecting these
factors as mitigation, the court commented that the delay had to
H be viewed in the context of the size of the investigation that the H
police had to conduct. The conspiracy had lasted for more than
a year, there were many victims, expert witnesses had to be
I consulted, and the prosecution was not at fault for the delay. The I
trial had been listed for 20 days, but overran because the defence
J had vigorously contested the case. In these circumstances, Lunn J
J said the court was satisfied that ‘neither the delay in the
commencement of proceedings nor the length of the trial itself
K are factors relevant to the sentence imposed’. K
L L
30. 本案涉及超過 500 萬「黑錢」、81 項存款及 1,096 項提
M 款,部份存款是外滙,並非所有提存都與陳美玲有關,調查需時。 M
況且,辯方從沒指本案的延誤不合理。本席不予以任何扣減。可是
N N
考慮於審訊中被告人同意整個控方案情,本席酌情減刑一個月。因
O O
此,本席下令判處被告人 47 個月監禁。
P P
Q Q
R (謝沈智慧) R
區域法院法官
S S
T T
U U
V V
A A
B B
DCCC 332/2023
C
[2025] HKDC 1131 C
D D
香港特別行政區
E 區域法院 E
刑事案件 2023 年第 332 號
F F
G G
--------------------------------
H 香港特別行政區 H
訴
I I
朱靜遠
J J
--------------------------------
K K
主審法官: 區域法院法官謝沈智慧
L L
日期: 2025 年 7 月 3 日
M 出席人士: 陳舶港先生,為外聘檢控官,代表香港特別行政區 M
N
鄭凱霖女士,由楊錦園陳漢標陳炎波律師行延聘,代 N
表被告人
O O
控罪: 處理已知道或相信為代表從可公訴罪行的得益的財產
P (Dealing with property known or believed to represent P
Q proceeds of an indictable offence) Q
R R
------------------------
S 判刑理由書 S
------------------------
T T
U U
V V
-2-
A A
B B
C
1. 被告人被控一項「處理已知道或相信為代表從可公訴罪 C
行的得益的財產」,違反香港法例第 455 章《有組織及嚴重罪行條
D D
例》第 25(1) 及 (3)條。涉案金額為 5,025,394.29 港元。
E E
F
2. 經審訊後,被告人被裁定罪名成立。這是本席的判刑理 F
由。
G G
H 案情撮要 H
I I
3. 本案的案情如下:
J J
K 背景 K
L L
(1) 2016 年 6 月 22 日,女子「陳美玲」透過「臉書」
M M
( Facebook ) 社 交 平 台 認 識 了 一 位 網 上 名 叫
N 「Kelvin Hui」的人士。2016 年 7 月 2 日,該 N
「 Kelvin Hui」 透 過 WhatsApp 通 訊 軟件 , 告 訴
O O
「陳美玲」他先父擁有石油公司,他急需金錢支
P P
付關於繼承他先父遺產的行政費用,答應「陳美
Q 玲」當他得到先父遺產後,便會和「陳美玲」結 Q
婚。因相信該「Kelvin Hui」的承諾,「陳美玲」
R R
於 2016 年 7 月 2 日至 2018 年 2 月 1 日期間,從受
S S
僱的公司(即「進滙策略(國際)有限公司」)
T 盜取了港幣約 2,000 多萬元,用該筆盜取的款項, T
U U
V V
-3-
A A
B B
連同其他的款項轉賬 / 存進了 388 筆款項,共
C 26,469,359 港元到 36 個本地或海外的銀行帳戶。 C
「陳美玲」後來發現被該「Kelvin Hui」欺騙,於
D D
是報案。警方調查後發現被告人是其中一個接收
E E
款項帳戶的擁有人。
F F
(2) 被告人於 2017 年 7 月 24 日開設了一個香港上海滙
G G
豐銀行有限公司(滙豐銀行)的綜合銀行帳戶,
H H
號碼為 023-630809-833(該帳戶)。2017 年 8 月 2
I 日至 2017 年 11 月 13 日期間,「陳美玲」一共存 I
進了 28 筆款項合計港幣 1,672,300 元到該帳戶。該
J J
些存進該帳戶的款項於存款當天或 2-3 天內,在馬
K K
來西亞被人從自動櫃員機分幾次、每次以較少的
L 金額提走。 L
M M
(3) 警方的進一步調查顯示,2017 年 7 月 27 日至 2018
N N
年 2 月 23 日期間,總共有 81 筆存款,合計港幣
O 5,025,394.29 元存入該帳戶及 1,096 次提款,合計港 O
幣 5,017,340.16 元從該帳戶提取。警方留意到這些
P P
存款及頻繁較少金額的提款顯示了「洗黑錢」的
Q Q
模式,而所有提款都是在馬來西亞從自動櫃員機
R 提取。 R
S S
(4) 被告人的出入境紀錄顯示,2017 年 7 月 24 日至
T T
2018 年 2 月 4 日期間,她有 3 次離境前往內地或澳
U U
V V
-4-
A A
B B
門的紀錄,另有一次於 2017 年 11 月 29 日從機場
C 離境及於 2017 年 12 月 6 日回港的紀錄。 C
D D
(5) 根據稅務局的報稅紀錄,2015 年至 2018 年期間,
E E
被告人報稱的職業為「行政助理」,年薪約為港
F 幣 300,184 元。 F
G G
拘捕及警誡
H H
(6) 被告人於 2018 年 10 月 23 日被警方拘捕。警誡下
I I
她承認該帳戶屬她持有,及她曾協助她的一名網
J J
上認識的朋友轉賬款項,以協助這朋友經營他的
K 生意。 K
L L
警誡錄影會面
M M
N (7) 在其後的警誡錄影會面中,被告人作出了包括以 N
下的陳述:
O O
P P
(i) 她持有兩個滙豐銀行帳戶,一個是「運籌帳
Q 戶」(即該帳戶),另一個是「卓越理財帳 Q
戶」。
R R
S S
(ii) 該帳戶是為一名叫「Kelvin Cheung」的網上
T 朋友開立,而他從未見過「Kelvin Cheung」 T
真人或與他作電話交談。
U U
V V
-5-
A A
B B
C
(iii) 約於 2017 年 6 月或 7 月,她開始在「臉書」 C
聊天室與「Kelvin Cheung」聊天,但她沒有
D D
保留該些聊天記錄。
E E
F
(iv) 「Kelvin Cheung」告訴被告人,他在馬來西 F
亞經營生意,但他不能來香港開立銀行帳戶。
G G
H (v) 「Kelvin Cheung」要求被告人在香港開立一 H
個銀行帳戶,並把銀行提款咭郵寄給他。
I I
J J
(vi) 「Kelvin Cheung」答應給被告人報酬,但被
K 告人表示不需要任何報酬。 K
L L
(vii) 除了存款及提款外,所有該帳戶的操作由被
M M
告人進行。
N N
(viii) 被告人沒有告訴「Kelvin Cheung」該帳戶的
O O
電話銀行密碼。
P P
Q (ix) 當被告人收到「Kelvin Cheung」或滙豐銀行 Q
通知該帳戶收到美元存款時,被告人會利用
R R
電話銀行服務把該些美元款項兌換成港幣。
S S
T (x) 對於該些存進該帳戶的款項被迅即提取,被 T
告人感到有些可疑。
U U
V V
-6-
A A
B B
C
(xi) 「Kelvin Cheung」聲稱,提取的款項用於支 C
付員工薪金。
D D
E (xii) 對於誰存入該些款項及誰提取該些款項,被 E
F
告人表示並不知情。 F
G G
判刑原則
H H
4. 「處理已知道或相信為可公訴罪行的得益的財產」是嚴
I I
重控罪,最高刑期為罰款 500 萬元及監禁 14 年。
J J
K 5. 這類控罪的案情千變萬化,因此沒有量刑指引:HKSAR K
v Shing Siu Ming [1999] 2 HKC 818; HKSAR v Mak Shing [2002] HKCU
L L
1109 (CACC 322/2001, 2002 年 9 月 18 日);HKSAR v Kamran [2005]
M M
HKCU 923 (CACC 400/2004, 2005 年 4 月 12 日,未經彙編),HKSAR
N v Jain Nikhil and Another [2007] 2 HKC 205 及 HKSAR v Boma Amaso N
[2012] 1 HKC 504。這類控罪嚴重之處,是犯案人嘗試將從可公訴罪
O O
行的得益變成合法的資金(Legitimise),因此需判處阻嚇性刑罰:
P P
HKSAR v Kamran(同上)。除非有極特殊的求情因素,就算是初犯
Q 者也需判處即時監禁:HKSAR v Choi Sui Hey [2008] 6 HKC 166; Q
HKSAR v Boma (同上);HKSAR v Ng Man Yee [2014] 4 HKC 241 及
R R
Secretary for Justice v Siu Yun Yee [2017] 3 HKLRD 678。
S S
T 6. 涉案財產背後的可公訴罪行的性質並不重要。可是,如 T
被告人知道財產來自極嚴重的控罪是加刑因素:HKSAR v Xu Xia Li
U U
V V
-7-
A A
B B
and Another [2004] 4 HKC 16; HKSAR v Yam Kong Lai [2008] 5 HKLRD
C
384 及 Secretary for Justice v Choi Sui Hey (同上)。 C
D D
7. 判刑時,法庭需考慮被告人處理的金額,而非被告人本
E 人的得益:HKSAR v Wu Jianbing [2012] 1 HKLRD 781 及 HKSAR v E
F
Chen Zhen Chu [2007] 5 HKC 505。就算被告人全無得益也非減刑因 F
素:Secretary for Justice v Ngai Fung Sin Apple [2013] 5 HKLRD 104。
G G
H 8. 於 香港特別行政區 訴 許有益 [2010] 5 HKLRD 536,上 H
訴法庭列出一些判刑時法庭需考慮的因素:
I I
J J
「9. 由於處理公訴罪行得益的財產這類案件會涉及不同
的案情,故此法庭沒有定下量刑指引。但以下各點是量刑
K 的參考因素: K
L (a) 涉案的金額是重要的考慮因素,而非被告人 L
本身在這次交易所獲得的利益。
M M
(b) 控罪的罪責是協助、支持及鼓勵有關的公訴
罪行,故此被告人的參與程度及涉及「洗黑
N 錢」的次數是有關連的因素。 N
O (c) 處理公訴罪行得益的財產控罪與有關的公訴 O
罪行不一定有直接關係,但若果有關的公訴
罪行是可以確認的,那麼法庭是可以在處理
P P
控罪時考慮有關公訴罪行本身的刑期。
Q (d) 若案件涉及國際跨境成份,法庭可採用較嚴 Q
峻的刑期,以免香港作為國際金融及銀行中
R 心的形象受損。 R
(e) 涉案的時間。」
S S
T T
U U
V V
-8-
A A
B B
9. 於 HKSAR v Boma Amaso(同上),上訴法庭指:
C C
“(1) Given the highly variable circumstances in which the
D offence might be committed, it is difficult and undesirable to D
offer guidelines. This is a category of offence which calls for the
sentencing judge to engage his “feel” for the case and his
E sentencing experience bearing in mind always the mischief at E
which the legislation was directed. The best one could do is to
F draw the attention of judges to relevant sentencing F
considerations. …
G (2) First, any sentencing exercise must recognize that the G
maximum sentence is 14 years’ imprisonment. Second,
deterrence is paramount as the criminality in laundering arose
H H
from the encouragement and nourishment it gave to crime in
general (R v Basra [2002] 2 Cr App R(S) 469 applied) …
I I
(3) Third, the Director of Public Prosecutions should not feel
constrained by prior judgments of the Court, which had created
J J
the perception that most cases should be tried in the District
Court, from bringing cases in the High Court involving huge
K sums of money or where the predicate offence was particularly K
serious. The alternative, the exclusion of the High Court as a
possible forum, brings distortions to justice …
L L
(4) Fourth, the question of the amount of money laundered
M was not the be-all and end-all of a case, but it was a significant M
feature …
N (5) Fifth, the Court should take into account some of the N
other significant features inter alia, (a) the nature of the
predicate offence; (b) the state of the offender’s knowledge; (c)
O O
where the operation involved an international dimension, this
would be a significant aggravating feature; (d) sophistication of
P the offence, including the degree of planning; (e) where the P
offence was committed by or on behalf of an organized criminal
syndicate would be an aggravated feature; (f) whether there was
Q one transaction or many and the length of time over which the Q
offence was committed; (g) whether the offender continue to
R launder funds after he had discovered the nature of the funds R
were proceeds of an offence or a serious offence was involved;
(h) the role of the offender and the act performed by him. The
S list was non-exhaustive. …” S
T T
U U
V V
-9-
A A
B B
10. 於律政司司長 對 雲國強 [2012] 1 HKLRD 197,被告人承
C 認清洗黑錢罪(控罪一)及收受賭注罪(控罪二)。案情顯示被告 C
人透過一名朋友(下稱 X)的帳戶,在非法足球博彩網站替四名客
D D
人投注。輸錢的客人把款項存入被告人的銀行帳戶,而贏錢的客人
E E
則先由被告人向 X 收錢,然後以轉賬形式或親手把款項交給客戶。
F 2002 年至 2009 年期間,被告人的帳戶的提存次數分別是 2,222 次及 F
1,696 次,所涉總金額約為 1,400 萬元。原審法官認為被告人的洗黑
G G
錢罪行組織簡單,亦沒有集團操控,採納下列量刑基準和刑期減
H H
幅:(a) 控罪一:監禁 21 個月,但刑期因被告人認罪而扣減至 14 個
I 月;及 (b) 控罪二:監禁 3 個月,但刑期因被告人認罪而扣減至兩個 I
J
月。由於兩罪的案情重疊,因此法官下令上述刑罰同期執行。律政 J
司司長申請覆核判刑,理由為控罪一的量刑基準明顯不足。上訴法
K K
院批准申請,改判被告人監禁兩年半,並列出一些法庭判刑時須考
L L
慮的因素:
M M
「12. “洗黑錢”是嚴重罪行,原因是“洗黑錢”不但間接地
N 鼓勵犯罪活動,更試圖把犯罪得益合法化。為了打擊嚴重 N
罪行,避免犯案者獲得經濟利益,阻嚇“洗黑錢”罪行是必
O
需 的 ( 見 上訴 法 庭 在 香港特別行政區 訴 Javid Kamran O
(CACC 400/2004)、香港特別行政區 訴 Xu Xia Li 及另一人
[2004] 4 HKC 16 等案)。
P P
13. 一般而言“洗黑錢”罪行的判刑應主要反映清洗“黑錢”
Q 的數額 ,而非被告人或其他人的得益。原因是要證明有關 Q
得益,非常困難而在大多數“洗黑錢”案件亦可能沒有證據
R 顯示“黑錢”究竟是從甚麼公訴罪行所 生的。當然如有資 R
料證明“黑錢”源自嚴重罪行,包括販毒、擄人勒索、非法
販賣人口和其他有組織罪行等或被告人的得益極大,則判
S S
刑理應上調。
T 14. 本庭在其他多宗同類案件亦列出其他和判刑有關的 T
因素,包括犯案的次數及犯案時間的長短、被告人參與和
U U
V V
- 10 -
A A
B “黑錢”有關罪行的程度、罪行是否有組織及是否精密等 B
等。
C C
15. 在香港特別行政區 訴 許有益 [2010] 5 HKLRD 536 案,
上訴法庭張澤 法官在判案書上列出多宗“洗黑錢”案件所
D D
涉的金額和判刑。當涉案“黑錢”是 100 至 200 萬元時,量
刑基準約為 3 年,300 萬元至 600 萬元約為 4 年,而 1,000
E 萬元以上則可超過 5 年。 E
F 16. 本案的“黑錢”源自非法收受足球博彩賭注,而非特 F
別嚴重的罪行。答辯人的罪行,包括其收受賭注罪行的組
織亦非嚴密。根據答辯人的招認,他從罪行取得的金額亦
G G
非巨大,不超過 15 萬元。本庭同意以“洗黑錢”罪行而言,
本案並非是十分嚴重的一宗。
H H
17. 但本庭不能忽視答辯人在長達 7 年期間“洗黑錢”,
I 次數以千計,而總額更達 1,400 萬元,本庭亦不能忽視答辯 I
人清洗的“黑錢”源自他有份參與的收受賭注罪行。
J J
18. 本庭同意司長的立場,認為原審時葉法官就“洗黑錢”
罪所採納的 21 個月量刑基準明顯不足,是遠低於一名有將
K 全部有關因素考慮在內的法官會合理地認為是適當的(見 K
Lord Lane CJ 在 AG’s Reference No. 4 of 1989 [1990] 1 WLR
L 41 案在判案書 46 頁 A 行所表達的驗證準則)。」 L
M M
被告人的背景
N N
11. 被告人現年 59 歲,案發時 51 歲。 她於 1983 年中五畢業
O O
後一邊工作,一邊於香港大學專業進修學院修讀秘書及行政管理文
P P
憑課程。1988 年,被告人修讀由「Upper Iowa University」於香港舉
Q 辦的遙距課程,並於 1990 年畢業及取得管理學學士學位。多年來, Q
被告人於不同公司任職秘書或文職工作。被定罪前,她於一間名為
R R
「 Healthcare Staffing Solutions Limited 」 的 公 司 任 職 辦 公 室 經 理
S S
(office manager),月入約港幣三萬元。
T T
U U
V V
- 11 -
A A
B B
12. 被告人和丈夫於 2006 年結成夫婦。丈夫現年 67 歲;兩
C 人育有一子。被定罪前,被告人與丈夫及兒子同住。兒子於 2007 年 C
出生,現年 18 歲,下一個學年準備升讀大學。2008 年,被告人丈夫
D D
被公司辭退,之後沒有再找工作,留在家中照顧兒子。自此,被告
E E
人成為家庭經濟支柱。2022 年,丈夫確診患上前列腺癌,於同年進
F 行手術,現時大致康復,但仍需定期複診。被告人母親現年 84 歲, F
獨居。被告人是母親的獨女,兩人感情緊密。
G G
H H
13. 被告人以往沒有任何刑事定罪紀錄。
I I
討論
J J
K 14. 大律師指與控罪相關而有實際交易的時段只有 3 個月 22 K
L 日 , 犯 罪 時 間不 算 太 長。 大 律 師續 指, 雖 然 涉 案 總額 合 共 港 幣 L
5,025,394.29 元,被告人只將 6 次的貨幣存款兌換成港幣(合共港幣
M M
1,109,240.90 元)。因此,被告人實際透過操作去處理款項的金額佔
N N
總存款的比例不高。
O O
15. 本席不敢苟同。控罪的涉案時段為 2017 年 7 月 17 日至
P P
2018 年 2 月 23 日。根據香港法例第 455 章《有組織及嚴重罪行條例》
Q Q
第 2 條,「處理」(dealing),就第 15(1)或 25 條所提出的財產而
R 言,包括:— R
S S
(a) 收受或取得該財產;
T T
U U
V V
- 12 -
A A
B B
(b) 隱藏或掩飾該財產(不論是隱藏或掩飾該財產的
C 性質、來源、所在位置、處置、調動或擁有權或 C
與其有關的任何權利或其他方面的事宜);
D D
E E
(c) 處置或轉換該財產;
F F
(d) 將該財產運入香港或調離香港;
G G
H (e) 以該財產借貸,或作保證。(不論是藉押記、按 H
揭或質押或其他方式)。
I I
J J
16. 根據雙方承認的事實第 6 段,2017 年 8 月 2 日至 2017 年
K 11 月 13 日期間,「陳美玲」共存入 28 筆款項,合共港幣 1,672,300 K
元。證供顯示,2017 年 7 月 28 日至 2018 年 2 月 23 日期間,共有 81
L L
筆 存 款 , 合 共 港 幣 5,025,394.29 元 及 1,096 次 提 款 , 合 共 港 幣
M M
5,017,340.16 元。被告人接收存款已構成「處理」黑錢。有實際交易
N 的犯案時段最少為 2017 年 7 月 28 日至 2018 年 2 月 23 日(即約 7 個 N
O 月)。涉案行為並非單一交易。於 7 個月內,已有 81 次存款及 1,096 O
次提款。
P P
Q 17. 大律師續指,本案「洗黑錢」的手法並不涉及繁複的步 Q
R
驟、計劃或詐騙手段。戶口的模式簡單,款項存入戶口後,便在馬 R
來西亞分多次被提取,沒有涉及迂迴的處理手段令款項難以追尋。
S S
雖然被告人曾六次將存入涉案戶口的外幣兌換成港幣,但這只屬簡
T 單操作。案中證據顯示款項不可能由被告人提取;被告人只是提供 T
U U
V V
- 13 -
A A
B B
了涉案戶口予「Kelvin Cheung」使用,用作接收存款及提供提款咭
C 給「Kelvin Cheung」於馬來西亞提款。本案中沒有證據顯示被告人 C
提供戶口予「Kelvin Cheung」以外的人作提存;亦沒證據顯示有否
D D
其他犯案人士、他們的組織及規模。
E E
F 18. 大律師亦指,沒有證供顯示被告人知道「前置罪行」的 F
性質及涉案「黑錢」的來源。因此,與明知道相關「前置罪行」是
G G
什麼及明知道涉案款項為「黑錢」的人相比,被告人的罪責較低。
H H
大律師亦指,沒有證據顯示被告人涉及或以任何形式參與「前置罪
I 行」或與「Kelvin Cheung」或使用「Kelvin Cheung」身份的人或集 I
團有任何關連;更沒有顯示被告人獲得任何形式的報酬、獎勵或利
J J
益。大律師再指,沒有證供顯示被告人於發現涉案款項為「黑錢」
K K
後仍繼續處理該款項。因此沒有加刑因素。
L L
19. 大律師亦指,證供顯示被告人很大程度上是因受到情感
M M
影響,應「Kelvin Cheung」的要求及 / 或被「Kelvin Cheung」利用,
N N
才開設涉案戶口,並將提款咭寄給「Kelvin Cheung」。因此,被告
O 人在本案的角色較為被動,比起存心借出戶口獲取報酬,並對戶口 O
交易不聞不問的情況相比,罪責較輕。
P P
Q Q
20. 本席同意本案的「洗黑錢」計劃並不複雜,亦沒有證供
R 顯示「Kelvin Cheung」背後組織的規模。除了「Kelvin Cheung」之 R
外,只有一名負責收取提款咭的外籍人士。可是,本席不能漠視被
S S
告人是專誠設立涉案戶口去處理涉案的黑錢;就算「Kelvin Cheung」
T T
的說法千瘡百孔,只要「Kelvin Cheung」表現不悅,被告人便不作
U U
V V
- 14 -
A A
B B
追問;而於開始「洗黑錢」前,分別兩間銀行的職員向被告人表示,
C 將戶口借給他人使用是違法行為,被告人仍聽若罔聞。被告人不只 C
開設戶口給「Kelvin Cheung」使用,還負責將外幣兌換成港幣,罪
D D
責比單單借出戶口的人嚴重。本案涉款超過 500 萬,金額可觀。本
E E
席認為,適當的量刑基準為 3 年半監禁。
F F
21. 另外,證供顯示,部份存款為外匯,而所有提款均於馬
G G
來西亞進行。因此本案涉及跨國元素,而這是嚴重的加刑因素。因
H H
此,本席將量刑基準上調 6 個月(即量刑起點為 4 年監禁)。
I I
減刑因素
J J
K 22. 被告人是經審訊後被定罪,全無悔意,不可獲得認罪的 K
L 扣減。 L
M M
23. 被告人的丈夫、兒子、母親、上司及同事於求情信中均
N 異口同聲指被告人為人和善、樂於助人、有責任感、做事專業及不 N
O 遺餘力,多年來為其家庭付出,不求回報,辛勤工作,以照顧家 O
人。
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Q 24. 大律師指被告人過往一直努力進修、工作,為家人付 Q
R
出,亦受到上司及同事尊重及信任。被捕後,被告人面對檢控的煎 R
熬仍態度積極及正面,繼續工作及照顧家人。大律師要求法庭考
S S
慮,判處被告人監禁,被告人將會與一直相依為命的丈夫、兒子及
T 媽媽分離。考慮到被告人的背景,她的重犯機會極低,予以輕判。 T
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A A
B B
C
25. 眾所周知,面對嚴重控罪時,被告人的個人及家庭背 C
景,判刑對家人的影響均並非減刑因素。Sentencing in Hong Kong
D D
11th Edition 指出:
E E
“[30-130] Family circumstances are often prayed in aid in
F F
mitigation by convicted persons. However, ‘family hardship
which is usually attendant upon the conviction is to be viewed
G as a part of the price an accused must pay for the crime’: HKSAR G
v Li Kwok-ching [2005] HKCU 1702 (HCMA 1132/2005, 30
November 2005, unreported). Those who commit offences
H should keep in mind ‘the principle that the adverse effect of H
imprisonment upon an offender’s family is not a factor normally
I to be taken into account’: HKSAR v Chan Kin-chung [2002] 4 I
HKC 314, 321. Family circumstances, in any event, ‘are matters
which a wise man would take into consideration before he
J commits an offence and not after’: HKSAR v To Yiu-Cho [2009] J
5 HKLRD 309, 311 … If a family really faces hardship as a
result of the offender’s imprisonment, it ‘can always ask for the
K K
help of the Social Welfare Department should a need arise’:
HKSAR v Thapa Kishan [2013] 4 HKC 524, 527.
L L
[30-131] An accused must appreciate that his family will
suffer ‘if he is caught and convicted’: R v Shipra [1988] HKC
M M
412 …In HKSAR v Shum Chung-wai [2002] 2 HKLRD 81, 87,
Luger-Mawson J said: ‘This court has said many times that
N family circumstances should be disregarded, particularly when N
sentences for serious offences are concerned’. When a robber
sought early release so he could look after his sick wife, this was
O refused by Poon JA, because he ‘knew full well of her O
circumstances when he committed the present offence’: HKSAR
P
v Thapa Krishna Kumar [2023] HKCU 5053 …” P
Q 26. 大律師亦指出,被告人之前沒有刑事定罪紀錄。可是, Q
這亦非減刑因素。Sentencing in Hong Kong 11th Edition 指出:
R R
S “[7-3] if an accused has a clear record, this may indicate that S
his crime is ‘completely out of character’: R v Law Cheuk-lung
T [1997] HKCU 404 (CACC 9/1997, 20 June 1997, unreported). T
If so, this may be of particular relevance to sentencing if the
accused is of advanced years. That a 71-year old accused had
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A A
B been a hard-working family man who had committed no prior B
criminal offences and had made some positive contribution to
C society was something which attracted credit in Secretary for C
Justice v Wong Hong-Leung [2010] 1 HKLRD 226, 235 …
D [7-5] In R v Chan Ka-choi [1988] 1 HKLR 530, 534 … the D
traditional approach of the courts to the issue of clear record was
explained:
E E
Once the offender had been found guilty of the
F offence, the court must, leaving aside person F
circumstances and previous record, make an
assessment as to the proper sentence to be imposed
G G
given the type of offence and the circumstances of its
commission. When this had been done, the court
H must give credit for absence of previous convictions H
and for personal circumstances.
I [7-6] Credit for a clear record is, however, by no means a I
given. Much will depend upon the nature of the offence and the
J position of the offender. In HKSAR v Law Num-chun [2014] 6 J
HKC 606, 617: Lunn VP said:
K [T]he principle is that good character is not a factor K
relevant generally to determining the starting point to
be taken for sentence in serious criminal offences for
L L
which a deterrent sentence is required.
M [7-7] Those involved in commercial fraud must expect M
immediate imprisonment, save in exceptional circumstances:
HKSAR v Ho Ka-keung (No.2) [2009] 1 HKC 88, 92. Serious
N white-collar crime attracts condign sentences: R v Pantano N
(1990) 49 A Crim R 328, 30 …
O O
[7-18] The relevance of good character is related to the
circumstances of the accused. Good character sometimes refers
P to no more than an absence of previous convictions, and this is P
not a basis for an additional discount: HKSAR v Wong Kam-
Q
shing, Jackie [2010] 4 HKC 580, 584 … The mere absence of Q
criminal convictions must not be confused with positive good
character, and the simple discharge of duties in a proper manner
R ‘does not constitute what is to be regarded as positive good R
character’: HKSAR v Leung Ping-nam [2007] 5 HKC 413, 427;
HKSAR v Chung Ka-hung [2010] HKCU 738 (CACC 349/2008,
S S
31 March 2010, unreported).
T [7-23] If the court decides that the offence is such as to T
require a deterrent sentence, it may be necessary to select a
higher starting point. The clear record of the accused will not,
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A A
B that is, affect the starting point for sentence: HKSAR v Lam Ying- B
yu [2014] 2 HKLRD 895 … In such circumstances, perhaps
C because of the magnitude of prevalence of the offence and the C
need for deterrence, the personal circumstances of the accused
will count for little. In Re Applications for Review of Sentence
D [1972] HKLR 370, 406, Huggins J said: D
Of course there will be classes of case where the public
E E
interest so manifestly calls for a deterrent sentence that
only most exceptional circumstances relating to the
F offender could outweigh the need to deter others, but we F
must never rule out that such exceptional circumstances
may arise.
G G
[7-24] Examples of offences in respect of which the courts have
H concluded that exemplary sentences are appropriate include: … H
(9) Money laundering: Secretary for Justice v Siu
I Yun-yee [2017] 3 HKC 454;…” I
J J
27. 大律師指被捕後,被告人並沒自我放棄,繼續盡力工作
K 及照顧家人。Sentencing in Hong Kong 11th Edition 指出: K
L L
“[30-62] The way in which the accused has conducted himself
since he committed the offence may sometimes affect sentence.
M M
If there is ‘clear evidence of rehabilitation’ this may have
relevance: FGC v Western Australia (2008) 183 A Crim R 313,
N 341 …; R v Wong Hung-biu (CACC 579/1988, 9 March 1989, N
unreported). …
O [30-63] A discount, however, is by no means a given, … O
Absent a ‘character change or moral conversion’, the mere
P absence of criminality by an accused over the years since the P
offence may not avail him: HKSAR v Yamin [2017] HKCU 3086
(CACC 360/2016, 1 December 2017, unreported). Something
Q more substantial will normally be required. Q
[30-64] In R v Tutty [1998] 3 NZLR 165, 168, Thomas J said:
R R
While, therefore, a delay between the offending and
S sentencing is not in itself significant, matters which S
have transpired during the time may be pertinent. …
his conduct over the years may count in his favor. He
T may have faced up to and acknowledged his problem, T
demonstrated genuine remorse, obtained counselling
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A A
B or treatment where necessary, or in some other way, B
sought to reform himself and atone for his earlier
C misdeeds. He may have obtained assistance for his C
victim. He may have made amends in many ways and
be able to show that he has led an exemplary life
D since his early offending. In all such cases it is these D
factors rather than the lapse of time in itself which
will be taken into consideration on sentencing. While
E E
in such circumstances the need for deterrence in the
case of the offender him or herself may have
F diminished or disappeared altogether, the need for a F
sentence which will serve as a general deterrent to
such offending remains. So, too, the need for a
G G
sentence to mark society’s denunciation and
abhorrence of such offending is unaffected.…”
H H
28. 大律師指,本案中被告人同意了整個控方案情,節省了
I I
法庭大量時間,要求法庭仿效 許有益 案,酌情給予扣減。另外,大
J J
律師指被告人於 2018 年被捕,經歷了六年半的煎熬才被定罪。
K K
29. Sentencing in Hong Kong 11th Edition 指出:
L L
M “[30-83] In Mills v HM Advocate and The Advocate General M
for Scotland 2002 SCR 860, 877, Lord Hope said that a delay in
bringing the accused to justice is widely recognizable as a
N N
mitigating factor that can be taken into account when he is being
sentenced.
O O
[30-84] This usually arises where the prosecution is at fault
for the delay: HKSAR v Lau Kin-Yu [2003] HKCU 251 (HCMA
P 391/2002, 13 March 2003, unreported). Such a delay might P
cause the accused to be ‘under the strain of legal proceedings for
Q a very long time’: Attorney General v Ling Kar-fai (No.2) [1997] Q
2 HKC 651, 654. If the accused is himself responsible for the
delay, he cannot expect to benefit: HKSAR v Chan Chun-chuen
R (CACC 233/2015, 30 October 2015, unreported). R
S
[30-85] In Secretary for Justice v Schmitt [2008] HKCU 979 S
(CAAR 12/2006, 17 June 2008, unreported), Stuart-Moore VP
noted that there is a delay in every case before trial, and that the
T ‘real question is whether there has been an unreasonable delay, T
through no fault of a defendant, which has contributed to his
punishment’. The court will also need to be satisfied that the
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A A
B delay has ‘resulted in unfairness to the accused’: R v L (1995) 84 B
A Crim R 142, 145. If there is a delay, resulting from a very
C extensive (and necessary) investigation, the accused cannot C
expect to benefit therefrom: Secretary for Justice v Ip Hon-ming
and Anor [2015] 1 HKC 143, 168.
D D
[30-86] In HKSAR v Law King-yip and Ors [2004] HKCU
1391 (CACC 369/2003, 14 October 2004, unreported), (as
E E
approved in HKSAR v Cheung Suet-ting [2010] 6 HKC 249,
257), complaint was made, by one of several persons convicted
F of conspiracy to defraud, about the delay of over 30 months F
between the date of arrest and trial. It was further argued that
the trial of 108 hearing days had constituted an additional
G G
hardship, ‘worse’, so it was said, ‘than prison’. In rejecting these
factors as mitigation, the court commented that the delay had to
H be viewed in the context of the size of the investigation that the H
police had to conduct. The conspiracy had lasted for more than
a year, there were many victims, expert witnesses had to be
I consulted, and the prosecution was not at fault for the delay. The I
trial had been listed for 20 days, but overran because the defence
J had vigorously contested the case. In these circumstances, Lunn J
J said the court was satisfied that ‘neither the delay in the
commencement of proceedings nor the length of the trial itself
K are factors relevant to the sentence imposed’. K
L L
30. 本案涉及超過 500 萬「黑錢」、81 項存款及 1,096 項提
M 款,部份存款是外滙,並非所有提存都與陳美玲有關,調查需時。 M
況且,辯方從沒指本案的延誤不合理。本席不予以任何扣減。可是
N N
考慮於審訊中被告人同意整個控方案情,本席酌情減刑一個月。因
O O
此,本席下令判處被告人 47 個月監禁。
P P
Q Q
R (謝沈智慧) R
區域法院法官
S S
T T
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