A A
B B
DCCC 726/2024
C [2025] HKDC 561 C
D D
香港特別行政區
E 區域法院 E
刑事案件 2024 年第 726 號
F F
G G
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H 香港特別行政區 H
訴
I I
梁偉傑
J J
---------------------------------
K K
主審法官: 區域法院暫委法官陳永豪
L L
日期: 2025 年 3 月 31 日
M 出席人士: 劉欣欣女士,為外聘律師,代表香港特別行政區 M
N
鍾凱婷女士,由法律援助署委派的李偉斌律師行延聘, N
代表被告人
O O
控罪: [1] 、 [2] 、[4] – [10] 欺詐罪(Fraud)
P [3] 盜竊罪(Theft) P
Q Q
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R R
判刑理由書
S --------------------- S
T T
U U
V V
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A A
B B
1. 被告人在本席席前承認以下控罪:
C C
(1) 欺詐罪(涉款$800);
D D
E (2) 欺詐罪(涉款$250); E
F F
(3) 盜竊罪(涉及一部流動電話);
G G
H (4) 欺詐罪(涉款$400); H
I I
(5) 欺詐罪(涉款$2,000);
J J
K
(6) 欺詐罪(涉款$3,000); K
L L
(7) 欺詐罪(涉款$4,000);
M M
(8) 欺詐罪(涉款$6,500);
N N
O O
(9) 欺詐罪(涉款$23,000);及
P P
(10) 欺詐罪(涉款$8,000);
Q Q
R 2. 這些控罪中的受害人均為一位姓陳的中學生(PW1),而 R
S
詐騙手法是包括被告人虛假地表示自己為警務人員以騙取該等利益。 S
T T
3. 本案的發生時間,亦橫跨 2012 年 11 月至 2013 年 4 月。
U U
V V
-3-
A A
B B
C 4. 根據被告人承認的案情指,他與 PW1 偶然在天水圍一個 C
地方相遇。被告人向 PW1 出示一張類似警察委任證的證件,繼而向
D D
PW1 作出搜查。這樣令 PW1 誤信被告人是警務人員。
E E
F
5. 期間,被告人向 PW1 訛稱,從 PW1 的斜孭袋中搜出了一 F
包毒品。PW1 否認藏毒,但被告人說要帶他返回警署跟進。
G G
H 6. PW1 不斷提出自己沒有犯法,但不果。PW1 亦向被告人 H
I
哭求。被告人繼而向 PW1 提出可以幫忙,期間拿取了 PW1 銀包內 I
$900 之中的$800 並指出可以「當無件事」(控罪一)。
J J
K 7. 不過,被告人亦把握機會,著 PW1 透露自己的姓名,電 K
話號碼,住址及就讀學校資料。
L L
M M
8. 不久之後,被告人到訪 PW1 的學校,乘機向 PW1 訛稱鑑
N 證科人員可能會為上述毒品包裝進行驗指模。被告人更裝作把毒品取 N
來交給 PW1 棄掉,但以此等假資訊和手法作為向 PW1 索取$250 的
O O
理由,成功後便離開(控罪二)。
P P
Q 9. 翌日,被告人再次到學校找 PW1。被告人對 PW1 訛稱警 Q
方拘捕了一些人,當中有人指控 PW1,藉此向 PW1 訛稱要拿走 PW1
R R
的流動電話作檢查。被告人聲稱完成檢驗工作後會歸還流動電話,但
S S
一直沒有(控罪三)。
T T
10. 自此,被告人有多次接觸 PW1。先後以「加快檢驗」手提
U U
V V
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A A
B B
電話為由向 PW1 騙取了$400(控罪四);訛稱警方針對 PW1 開了檔
C 案,騙取了$2000 作為替 PW1 銷案的條件,其中更以警員會到 PW1 C
家中找 PW1 作為警告手段(控罪五);訛稱參與銷案的虛構出來的
D D
警員被 ICAC 拘捕,為著這個虛構的人物不要向 ICAC 供出 PW1,再
E E
騙取$3,000(控罪六);向 PW1 騙取$4,000「安家費」給上述虛構出
F 來的警員(控罪七);以不同理由包括該虛構的警員在獄中被打,會 F
有黑社會人員找 PW1 等,向 PW1 騙取共$6,500(控罪八);訛稱被
G G
告人找了一位虛構出來的警員同事,向黑社會談判,結果花了$25,000,
H H
要 PW1 承擔。PW1 因此相繼被騙了共$23,000(控罪九);及再以談
I 判為藉口,向 PW1 索取$8,000,導致 PW1 向不同人借錢,最後被騙 I
J
取了$8,000(控罪十)。 J
K K
11. 事件最後由一位 PW1 的同學的母親揭發,事源她正是其
L 中一位上述提及 PW1 借錢的對象。 L
M M
12. 基於以上,被告人不誠實地騙取了 PW1 合共$47,950 款項
N N
及一部價值$2,000 的手提電話。
O O
13. 值得一提,被告人在被捕時先保持緘默。其後於錄影會面
P P
中竟說先是 PW1 和另一人打劫他,並搶去 11 萬人民幣。他成功追捕
Q Q
了 PW1,並同意 PW1 以分期付款方式還錢等作為解釋他接觸 PW1 的
R 理由。被告人更指不知為什麼 PW1 會以「阿 Sir」稱呼自己。 R
S S
14. 明顯地,被告人說的這些都是謊話連編。
T T
U U
V V
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A A
B B
15. 求情方面,辯方以書面形式作出了詳盡的陳辭。當中有不
C 少案例和求情要點,本席都有一一考量。 C
D D
16. 本案嚴重之處包括受害人當年只是一名 16 歲的中學生,
E E
被告人的詐騙手段是以假扮警員,以及提出嚴重的指控和情節(包括
F 事件已涉及黑社會,ICAC,還有銷毀證據等)藉由欺詐 PW1。PW1 F
所受的驚嚇和困擾,可想而知。
G G
H H
17. 本席認為被告人的行為是十分卑劣。對受害人的傷害遠遠
I 超出受騙只是$50,000 左右的基本事實。 I
J J
18. 儘管辯方大律師努力為被告人求情,被告人的背景對判刑
K 並無重大關連。 K
L L
19. 事件發生在 2012-2013 年間。被告人也在 2013 年被捕,
M M
但自 2013 年 9 月 18 日潛逃至 2024 年 1 月 30 日。他的解釋是到內地
N 做裝修工作,回港則是為家人處理靈位事宜。當然,本席不會因潛逃 N
O 另外判罰一項他沒有被控的罪行。但潛逃對於他是否可以得到充足的 O
1/3 判刑扣減,則有商榷餘地。
P P
Q 20. 根據《盜竊罪條例》,控罪三的最高刑罰是 10 年監禁; Q
R
其他的欺詐罪,則為 14 年監禁。 R
S S
21. 辯方引述的案例指出,盜竊罪沒有量刑指引,但涉及智能
T T
U U
V V
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A A
B B
電話的案件,因種種原因,可以以更重的判罰處理1。
C C
22. 本席認為不單如此。被告人騙取/偷走 PW1 的手提電話的
D D
藉口是要檢查,要查證其他被捕人士的指控。這種手段實在可恥。本
E E
席認為比起同類型案件涉及的犯罪手法更精密。
F F
23. 以應用在其他欺詐罪上,本席也不接受犯案手法簡單。無
G G
疑,被告人並沒有連群結黨犯案,也沒有製作假文件,以多人扮演不
H H
同角色或利用受害人的家人,工作環境等制造騙局。本案亦不涉及傷
I 害金融機構或包含國際元素。但以再三向 PW1 訛稱 PW1 身陷困局, I
針對的是一位年青學生,完全是被告人抓緊 PW1 入世未深的特質,
J J
對 PW1 一再施壓,這等行為肯定是被告人思前想後之舉。被告人食
K K
髓知味,貪得無厭,卑劣得令人髮指。
L L
24. 辯方提供了的案例有一般性的,有針對街頭騙案的,包括:
M M
N (1) HKSAR v Chong Hung Shek [2019] 2 HKLRD 937; N
O O
(2) 香 港 特 別 行 政 區 訴 歐 陽 桂 蘭 及 另 二 人 [2009]
P P
HKCA 425;
Q Q
(3) 香港特別行政區 訴 葉世雄 [2014] HKDC 810;
R R
S S
(4) HKSAR v Ng Wing Lun [2012] HKDC 1729;
T T
1
HKSAR v Cheng Sau Yuk [2012] 5 HKLRD 415 及 HKSAR v Liu Lin Feng [2012] HKCA 99
U U
V V
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A A
B B
C (5) 香港特別行政區 訴 劉靜兒 [2024] HKDC 1290。 C
D D
25. 從眾多例子可見,就欺詐罪行的判刑必須貼近案情,不能
E 一概而論。當中以即時監禁處理既是常態,也有其必要性。有不少例 E
F
子更以 4 年,或更高的起刑點處理,表現出法庭對不法份子嚴厲看待 F
的態度。
G G
H 26. 本席亦特意與控辯雙方討論有關潛逃,但認罪,卻沒有加 H
I
控不依法庭指示歸押的情況。事源一旦有加控不依法庭指示歸押罪, I
那該罪可得 1/3 認罪扣減的同時,其餘的原控罪則有案例指出,不可
J J
得到充足的 1/3 扣減。問題是,兩者背後的道理相約,但始終本案的
K 被告人是在出現現階段的各法律程序中及早認罪。他時至今日才面對 K
L 判刑,卻又是其咎由自取。 L
M M
27. 從鍾大律師的陳辭可見,她強調本案發生的日期距今超過
N 12 年。她沒有投訴任何延誤,事關這均是被告人潛逃之故所致。她亦 N
O 強調,本案在當年並未排期,所謂潛逃,也沒有包含違反法庭命令之 O
過,也有極端例子是最後潛逃者是沒有被檢控的現象可作比較。
P P
Q 28. 鍾大律師力陳,被告人是在盡早階段認罪。他自入境被捕 Q
R
之後,一直合作,直通判刑程序,希望法庭仍然給予 1/3 之扣減來反 R
映其盡早提出的認罪。
S S
T 29. 本席有機會詳細閱讀香港特別行政區 訴 陳偉傑 HCMA T
U U
V V
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A A
B B
160/2020 [2020] HKCFI 2507 的判詞。原訟法庭的潘法官(當時官階)
C 正要處理一位因病而缺席聆訊的上訴人未能獲得 1/3 的量刑扣減的案 C
件。
D D
E E
30. 潘法官引述 HKSAR v Ngo Van Nam [2016] 5 HKLRD 1 一
F 案的判詞。其中進一步引述的 HKSAR v Ma Ming [2013] 1 HKLRD 813 F
一案如下:
G G
H “ 6. … H
I ‘39. …The Court wrote in its judgment of Ma Ming (supra) I
the following:
J [27] A discount of one-third is quite a substantial J
discount. One of the main purposes of the court giving
this one-third discount to a defendant who pleads guilty
K K
is to encourage a guilty person to own up to the crimes
he committed, so as to conserve the resources of the
L community and to ensure that justice can be administered L
more efficiently and matters can be concluded in the
most expeditious manner.
M M
…
N N
134. Of the difficulties for a court to determine ‘what a
timely plea of guilty is’, Yeung VP said:
O O
Since there is a period of time between the moment when
P a suspect is put under arrest and the time when he appears P
in court to face the charge or charges, what happened
during that period of time and the attitude taken by the
Q suspect might influence the sentencing decision. If the Q
court has to take into account all these factors before
passing sentence, not a few disputes may arise and the
R R
sentence that will be passed ultimately would become
uncertain. …
S S
… the court may very likely have to go into fine
distinctions and subtle differences between different
T cases and adjust the sentences according to such niceties T
and subtleties. Such an approach would lengthen and
U U
V V
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A A
B complicate the court proceedings, increase costs, B
adversely affect court efficiency and delay the handling
C of cases which genuinely require the court’s attention. It C
not only goes contrary to the policy and basic objective
of giving a one third discount, but is also against public
D interest. … D
E
135. In the result, Yeung VP concluded that: E
…when giving the one third discount the approach taken
F by the court is a firm and broad-brush approach. It gives F
a defendant who timely pleads guilty the one third
discount, which is substantial, without regard for niceties,
G G
in order to discourage excessive arguments and to
prevent wasteful use of the resources of the community.’
H H
7. Ngo Van Nam 案第 232 段亦指出:
I I
J ‘232. …we are satisfied that, usually, but subject to the J
overriding discretion of the magistrate in sentencing, the
opportunity to secure a one-third discount from the
K starting point for sentence occurs when the defendant is K
asked to tender a plea to the charge. If he pleads not
guilty and trial dates are fixed that opportunity is lost.’”
L L
(Emphasis added)
M M
31. 為此,潘法官補充說:
N N
「8. 由此可見,裁判官在考慮是否給予三分之一的量刑扣減
O 時仍可考慮一些他認為值得考慮的因素,而非盲目地只以不 O
同階段作出機械性的劃分。」(後加強調)
P P
32. 以此論之,本席認為本案中的被告人並沒有違反法庭命令
Q Q
的「潛逃」,他失蹤時又未有審期(甚至提訊日)的特質都並非關鍵
R 之處。被告人未能合理地依時序出庭應訊完全是他「潛逃」所致,反 R
S
映他悔意有限,與遲來但充分的悔意也不能跟盡早認罪者相提並論。 S
若以今時今日才有罪可認,被告人有把握機會來細分,明顯與潘法官
T T
所指「盲目地只以不同階段作出機械性的劃分」無異。
U U
V V
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A A
B B
C 33. 當然,本席沒有忘記 Ngo Van Nam 一案是在 2016 年 9 月 C
2 日頒布。本案發生則在 2012-2013 年間。但這方面的觀察,旨在說
D D
明法律上就追朔權力有特定考量和運用。依本席理解,Ngo Van Nam
E E
一案所論及的對本案仍然通用。事實上,一名被告人可得 1/3 量刑扣
F 減的法律精神始終如一。 F
G G
34. 同理,閱讀 HKSAR v Lo Kam Fai [2016] 2 HKLRD 308 一
H H
案,便會注意到其頒布日比 Ngo Van Nam 更早。可是,只要細心閱
I 讀,便知道上訴庭麥機智法官(當時官階)為該案所寫的判詞,正解 I
決到本席提出的疑問,並可為本案導航,沒有因為其頒布日期是本案
J J
發生之後而有所改變。
K K
L 35. 事源在該案中,麥法官指出: L
M M
“63. The issue of whether the courts should penalise a defendant
by reducing his discount for failing to enter a ‘timely plea’, and
N if so by how much, has been a matter of concern to the courts N
before. In HKSAR v Poon Chum Kong (unrep., CACC 228/1999),
for example, the Court of Appeal said of this issue:
O O
‘One of us was initially concerned about that approach.
P A person admitted to bail who fails to surrender to P
custody when called upon to do so commits an offence
punishable with imprisonment: see section 9L of the
Q Q
Criminal Procedure Ordinance (Cap 221). To deny a
defendant who absconded the discount for his plea of
R guilty which he would otherwise have been given could R
be said to be tantamount to punishing him for
committing that offence. He is, in effect, serving an
S additional sentence for having absconded when he had S
not been charged with that. It could be said that it was
T
wrong to treat the defendant in a way which has the effect T
of him receiving an additional sentence of imprisonment
for an offence for which he had never been charged.’
U U
V V
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A A
B B
64. The Court overcame its concerns for reasons I shall return to.
C Accordingly, it upheld the discount accorded the applicant by C
the sentencing judge of 25%. However, it may be noted that in
Poon Chum Kong, the applicant had not in fact been charged
D with a further offence of absconding. We do not know, therefore, D
how the Court might have resolved the matter of discount in
E
respect of the substantive offence, if the applicant had been E
charged and sentenced for a separate offence of absconding.
F 65. It is also clear, from a review of relevant authorities, that the F
courts have not adopted a particularly consistent approach to
sentence where a defendant is sentenced in respect of the
G G
substantive offence in circumstances where he has absconded.”
H H
36. 由此可見,麥法官清楚把議題對焦在沒有就「潛逃」被加
I 控控罪的情況與出現加控控罪是否有別,再提出探討法庭在以往可有 I
J
不一致的處理手法。麥法官繼而列舉大量例子,說明有法庭就「潛逃」 J
後歸案認罪決意降低減刑幅度至 25%。首批案例是沒有就「潛逃」加
K K
控控罪,後一批,則有附加控罪(見第 60-70 段及第 71-79 段)。
L L
37. 問題跟著轉為兩組控罪(原控罪及就「潛逃」而附加的控
M M
罪)應否定必以完全分期執行處理,及無論如何,判刑中會否出現重
N N
覆判罰(double punishment)的情況(正如 Poon Chum Kong 案中提
O 出過的疑問)。 O
P P
38. 首 先 , 麥 法 官 認 為 綜 合 這 些 判 例 後 仍 然 可 以 確 立 “a
Q Q
reduced discount for a late plea by virtue of his absconding but not dealt
R with separately for a discrete offence of absconding, it would seem that a R
discount of about 25% has been the more favoured discount.”(第 80 段)
。
S S
這是包括了考量及分析該等只違反警方保釋(Police Bail)的案件。
T T
U U
V V
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A A
B B
39. 第二,有關是否必須把附加控罪(有出現的情況下)以完
C 全分期執行處理,則不被接納: C
D D
“83. Accordingly, I am not persuaded that White and McKinnon
supports the contention that, where a judge reduces the discount
E for plea on the substantive offence because of the defendant’s E
absconding, there must always be a wholly consecutive sentence
F for absconding when such a charge is additionally brought. ...” F
G 40. 不過要注意,麥法官清楚指出: G
H H
“85. What concerns me about this whole area of sentencing is
that, whilst I appreciate the conceptual differences between
I reducing a discount for an untimely plea and punishing a I
defendant for the separate criminal offence of absconding, there
J
must inevitably be a degree of overlap in the considerations J
which justify a court in reducing the discount and those which
indicate the length of sentence for absconding. Returning to the
K reasons which overcame the Court’s concerns in Poon Chum K
Kong, the Court said this:
L L
‘However, any initial misgivings about that approach
have now been laid to rest. The reason why the discount
M is reduced in these circumstances is because the plea of M
guilty is not tendered at the earliest opportunity. Indeed,
the effect of the applicant absconding was that there had
N to be a second trial. He was not therefore being punished N
for absconding. He was being denied the discount to
O which he would otherwise have been entitled because of O
the consequences of his absconding, namely that his plea
of guilty was in the circumstances a late plea and that a
P second trial was necessary. If one of the justifications for P
giving a discount for a plea of guilty is the saving of the
expense of a contested trial, that was to some extent
Q Q
neutralised in the present case by the expense of an albeit
short second trial.’
R R
86. This reasoning as to the practical consequences of
absconding for the courts on otherwise “timely pleas” finds
S S
resonance in a number of the other authorities to which I have
referred. In Ko Chun Hung, for example, the Court said:
T T
‘24. We accept that having been sentenced to 4 months’
imprisonment for absconding and then not being granted
U U
V V
- 13 -
A A
B the full one-third discount for pleading guilty again B
because of absconding, the applicant appeared to have
C been punished twice for the same facts. However, there C
was a logical foundation for it.
D 25. By absconding, the applicant had committed a fresh D
offence and had to be punished separately. By
E
absconding, the applicant also rendered the E
administration of justice more costly and more time-
consuming, and the judge was entitled to exercise his
F discretion by reducing the percentage of discount that he F
would otherwise have obtained.’”
G G
See also Leung Yau Wing, Victor, at para 29.
H H
41. 更重要的是:-
I I
“87. I would accept that pleas entered following any period of
J absconding are not timely. …”(後加強調) J
K K
42. 補充一句,麥法官的判詞以批准上訴,判上訴得直作結;
L 另外兩位上訴庭副庭長則未有改變原判決的處理。簡單交代,他們的 L
分歧只在整體性原則下,原審法庭把關正確與否,這無損麥法官就法
M M
律上的任何分析和判斷。本席更認為以本案論題而言,麥法官在判詞
N N
中的講解,極具份量,把論點和關注的要害處提供無可比擬的分析,
O 是所有閱讀本判詞的法律工作者應當伸延拜讀的。 O
P P
43. 就此,本席亦得向代表辯方的鍾大律師致謝,為她找出這
Q Q
個案例並作出陳辭而令本席得到協助實在難得。
R R
44. 可是,本席未能同意,本案有特別之處可令本席莫視被告
S S
人的「潛逃」。
T T
U U
V V
- 14 -
A A
B B
45. 他的及早認罪也只是陝義之說,未達可享有完整的 1/3 扣
C 減的精神及用意。 C
D D
46. 經雙方陳辭及小心考慮後,本席認為在這背景下,因認罪
E E
的減幅該為 25%。
F F
47. 整體而言,本席認為控罪一至三,控罪四至七,及控罪八
G G
至十的量刑起點分別為 3 年,3 年 4 個月及 3 年 8 個月(即 36,40 及
H H
44 個月)。因認罪減至 27,30 及 33 個月。
I I
48. 被告人在過往 10 年間有機會已經反省了及相當程度改過
J J
自新,由他隻身潛往內地,到落地生根成家立室。本席認為就此以及
K 本案的發展,可行使酌情權進一步減刑 3 個月。當然,他今天才被判 K
L 刑,貫切地是他的選擇。他可在多年前重新做人,遠離獄中生活,他 L
沒有把握,是他對人生的錯誤決定。更何況,被告人並不是初犯。他
M M
有 5 次判監或失去自由的經歷。自 1989 年起有 7 項與不誠實有關的
N N
定罪紀錄。故此,本席看不到有任何進一步減刑理由或以非即時監禁
O 處理。 O
P P
49. 考慮到整體性原則,本席則願意把所有刑罰判以同期執行。
Q Q
因此,被告人就各項控罪如上被判 24,27 及 30 個月,同期執行,全
R 數共 30 個月監禁。 R
S S
T ( 陳永豪 ) T
區域法院暫委法官
U U
V V
法官認為 1/3 扣減的 purpose 是鼓勵被告人及早認罪以節省司法資源。引用 HKSAR v Lo Kam Fai [2016] 2 HKLRD 308 等 precedent,法官裁定潛逃後的認罪不屬於 timely plea。即使被告人未被加控「不依法庭指示歸押」罪行,潛逃行為亦反映其悔意有限,不符合獲得完整 1/3 扣減的精神,因此將扣減幅度降低至 25%。
引用案例與條文
引用 HKSAR v Lo Kam Fai [2016] 2 HKLRD 308 確立潛逃後認罪非 timely plea 且可降低 discount 至 25%;引用 HKSAR v Ngo Van Nam [2016] 5 HKLRD 1 及 HKSAR v Ma Ming [2013] 1 HKLRD 813 探討量刑扣減不應僅是機械式劃分,而應考慮實際司法資源損耗。
### 案件基本資料
- 案件名稱:香港特別行政區 訴 梁偉傑
- 法院:區域法院 (DC)
- 法官:陳永豪 (暫委法官)
- 判決日期:2025年3月31日
### 案情摘要
被告人於2012年至2013年間,假扮成警務人員,針對一名16歲中學生(PW1)進行多次欺詐。被告人先以搜出毒品為由恐嚇PW1,隨後多次編造「銷案」、「鑑證驗指模」及「與黑社會談判」等虛假理由,騙取PW1共計$47,950港元及一部價值$2,000港元的流動電話。被告人於2013年被捕後潛逃至內地,直至2024年1月才返回香港被捕。
### 核心法律爭議
本案的核心 legal issue 在於被告人潛逃多年後才認罪,是否仍能獲得完整的 1/3 認罪量刑扣減(sentencing discount)。辯方主張被告人在入境被捕後盡早認罪,應獲 1/3 扣減;而法官則需衡量潛逃行為對「及時認罪」(timely plea)之定義及法律精神的影響。
### 判決理由
法官認為 1/3 扣減的 purpose 是鼓勵被告人及早認罪以節省司法資源。引用 HKSAR v Lo Kam Fai [2016] 2 HKLRD 308 等 precedent,法官裁定潛逃後的認罪不屬於 timely plea。即使被告人未被加控「不依法庭指示歸押」罪行,潛逃行為亦反映其悔意有限,不符合獲得完整 1/3 扣減的精神,因此將扣減幅度降低至 25%。
### 引用案例與條文
引用 HKSAR v Lo Kam Fai [2016] 2 HKLRD 308 確立潛逃後認罪非 timely plea 且可降低 discount 至 25%;引用 HKSAR v Ngo Van Nam [2016] 5 HKLRD 1 及 HKSAR v Ma Ming [2013] 1 HKLRD 813 探討量刑扣減不應僅是機械式劃分,而應考慮實際司法資源損耗。
### 裁決與命令
被告人被判處監禁。控罪分三組處理,最高刑期為 30 個月,所有刑罰同期執行(concurrently),最終判處監禁 30 個月。
### 判決啟示
本案強調了潛逃(absconding)對認罪扣減的負面影響。法官明確指出,即使沒有被正式加控潛逃相關罪行,法庭仍有酌情權因認罪不及時而降低 sentencing discount,以維護司法公正及對潛逃行為的否定。
---
### 免責聲明
本摘要由人工智能自動生成,內容可能存在錯誤或遺漏,僅供參考,不構成法律意見。如需法律建議,請諮詢合資格律師。### Case Details
- Case Name: HKSAR v Leung Wai Kit
- Court: District Court (DC)
- Judge: Chan Wing Ho (Acting Judge)
- Date of Judgment: 31 March 2025
### Factual Background
Between 2012 and 2013, the defendant impersonated a police officer to defraud a 16-year-old secondary school student. By falsely claiming the victim was involved in drug offences and later fabricating stories about 'case withdrawals' and 'negotiations with triads,' the defendant defrauded the victim of $47,950 and a mobile phone. After being arrested in 2013, the defendant absconded to Mainland China and only returned to Hong Kong in January 2024.
### Key Legal Issues
The primary legal issue was whether the defendant, having absconded for over a decade, was entitled to the full one-third sentencing discount for his guilty plea. The defence argued that the defendant cooperated and pleaded guilty promptly upon his re-arrest, while the court considered if absconding invalidated the 'timely plea' requirement.
### Ratio Decidendi
The judge ruled that the purpose of the one-third discount is to encourage timely admissions to conserve community resources. Relying on the principle that pleas entered after absconding are not 'timely,' the judge determined that the defendant's conduct showed limited remorse. Consequently, the discount was reduced from 33.3% to 25%, as the benefit of a timely plea was neutralized by the defendant's flight from justice.
### Key Precedents & Statutes
HKSAR v Lo Kam Fai [2016] 2 HKLRD 308 was cited to support reducing the discount to 25% for absconders. HKSAR v Ngo Van Nam [2016] 5 HKLRD 1 and HKSAR v Ma Ming [2013] 1 HKLRD 813 were used to analyze the non-mechanical application of sentencing discounts.
### Decision & Orders
The defendant was convicted of multiple counts of fraud and theft. He was sentenced to a maximum of 30 months' imprisonment, with all sentences to run concurrently.
### Key Takeaways
The judgment clarifies that a defendant may be denied the full one-third discount due to absconding, even if they are not formally charged with a separate offence of failing to surrender to custody. This underscores the court's discretion to penalize the lack of a 'timely plea' through reduced discounts.
---
### Disclaimer
This summary is AI-generated and may contain errors or omissions. It is for reference only and does not constitute legal advice. Please consult a qualified lawyer for professional legal advice.
A A
B B
DCCC 726/2024
C [2025] HKDC 561 C
D D
香港特別行政區
E 區域法院 E
刑事案件 2024 年第 726 號
F F
G G
---------------------------------
H 香港特別行政區 H
訴
I I
梁偉傑
J J
---------------------------------
K K
主審法官: 區域法院暫委法官陳永豪
L L
日期: 2025 年 3 月 31 日
M 出席人士: 劉欣欣女士,為外聘律師,代表香港特別行政區 M
N
鍾凱婷女士,由法律援助署委派的李偉斌律師行延聘, N
代表被告人
O O
控罪: [1] 、 [2] 、[4] – [10] 欺詐罪(Fraud)
P [3] 盜竊罪(Theft) P
Q Q
---------------------
R R
判刑理由書
S --------------------- S
T T
U U
V V
-2-
A A
B B
1. 被告人在本席席前承認以下控罪:
C C
(1) 欺詐罪(涉款$800);
D D
E (2) 欺詐罪(涉款$250); E
F F
(3) 盜竊罪(涉及一部流動電話);
G G
H (4) 欺詐罪(涉款$400); H
I I
(5) 欺詐罪(涉款$2,000);
J J
K
(6) 欺詐罪(涉款$3,000); K
L L
(7) 欺詐罪(涉款$4,000);
M M
(8) 欺詐罪(涉款$6,500);
N N
O O
(9) 欺詐罪(涉款$23,000);及
P P
(10) 欺詐罪(涉款$8,000);
Q Q
R 2. 這些控罪中的受害人均為一位姓陳的中學生(PW1),而 R
S
詐騙手法是包括被告人虛假地表示自己為警務人員以騙取該等利益。 S
T T
3. 本案的發生時間,亦橫跨 2012 年 11 月至 2013 年 4 月。
U U
V V
-3-
A A
B B
C 4. 根據被告人承認的案情指,他與 PW1 偶然在天水圍一個 C
地方相遇。被告人向 PW1 出示一張類似警察委任證的證件,繼而向
D D
PW1 作出搜查。這樣令 PW1 誤信被告人是警務人員。
E E
F
5. 期間,被告人向 PW1 訛稱,從 PW1 的斜孭袋中搜出了一 F
包毒品。PW1 否認藏毒,但被告人說要帶他返回警署跟進。
G G
H 6. PW1 不斷提出自己沒有犯法,但不果。PW1 亦向被告人 H
I
哭求。被告人繼而向 PW1 提出可以幫忙,期間拿取了 PW1 銀包內 I
$900 之中的$800 並指出可以「當無件事」(控罪一)。
J J
K 7. 不過,被告人亦把握機會,著 PW1 透露自己的姓名,電 K
話號碼,住址及就讀學校資料。
L L
M M
8. 不久之後,被告人到訪 PW1 的學校,乘機向 PW1 訛稱鑑
N 證科人員可能會為上述毒品包裝進行驗指模。被告人更裝作把毒品取 N
來交給 PW1 棄掉,但以此等假資訊和手法作為向 PW1 索取$250 的
O O
理由,成功後便離開(控罪二)。
P P
Q 9. 翌日,被告人再次到學校找 PW1。被告人對 PW1 訛稱警 Q
方拘捕了一些人,當中有人指控 PW1,藉此向 PW1 訛稱要拿走 PW1
R R
的流動電話作檢查。被告人聲稱完成檢驗工作後會歸還流動電話,但
S S
一直沒有(控罪三)。
T T
10. 自此,被告人有多次接觸 PW1。先後以「加快檢驗」手提
U U
V V
-4-
A A
B B
電話為由向 PW1 騙取了$400(控罪四);訛稱警方針對 PW1 開了檔
C 案,騙取了$2000 作為替 PW1 銷案的條件,其中更以警員會到 PW1 C
家中找 PW1 作為警告手段(控罪五);訛稱參與銷案的虛構出來的
D D
警員被 ICAC 拘捕,為著這個虛構的人物不要向 ICAC 供出 PW1,再
E E
騙取$3,000(控罪六);向 PW1 騙取$4,000「安家費」給上述虛構出
F 來的警員(控罪七);以不同理由包括該虛構的警員在獄中被打,會 F
有黑社會人員找 PW1 等,向 PW1 騙取共$6,500(控罪八);訛稱被
G G
告人找了一位虛構出來的警員同事,向黑社會談判,結果花了$25,000,
H H
要 PW1 承擔。PW1 因此相繼被騙了共$23,000(控罪九);及再以談
I 判為藉口,向 PW1 索取$8,000,導致 PW1 向不同人借錢,最後被騙 I
J
取了$8,000(控罪十)。 J
K K
11. 事件最後由一位 PW1 的同學的母親揭發,事源她正是其
L 中一位上述提及 PW1 借錢的對象。 L
M M
12. 基於以上,被告人不誠實地騙取了 PW1 合共$47,950 款項
N N
及一部價值$2,000 的手提電話。
O O
13. 值得一提,被告人在被捕時先保持緘默。其後於錄影會面
P P
中竟說先是 PW1 和另一人打劫他,並搶去 11 萬人民幣。他成功追捕
Q Q
了 PW1,並同意 PW1 以分期付款方式還錢等作為解釋他接觸 PW1 的
R 理由。被告人更指不知為什麼 PW1 會以「阿 Sir」稱呼自己。 R
S S
14. 明顯地,被告人說的這些都是謊話連編。
T T
U U
V V
-5-
A A
B B
15. 求情方面,辯方以書面形式作出了詳盡的陳辭。當中有不
C 少案例和求情要點,本席都有一一考量。 C
D D
16. 本案嚴重之處包括受害人當年只是一名 16 歲的中學生,
E E
被告人的詐騙手段是以假扮警員,以及提出嚴重的指控和情節(包括
F 事件已涉及黑社會,ICAC,還有銷毀證據等)藉由欺詐 PW1。PW1 F
所受的驚嚇和困擾,可想而知。
G G
H H
17. 本席認為被告人的行為是十分卑劣。對受害人的傷害遠遠
I 超出受騙只是$50,000 左右的基本事實。 I
J J
18. 儘管辯方大律師努力為被告人求情,被告人的背景對判刑
K 並無重大關連。 K
L L
19. 事件發生在 2012-2013 年間。被告人也在 2013 年被捕,
M M
但自 2013 年 9 月 18 日潛逃至 2024 年 1 月 30 日。他的解釋是到內地
N 做裝修工作,回港則是為家人處理靈位事宜。當然,本席不會因潛逃 N
O 另外判罰一項他沒有被控的罪行。但潛逃對於他是否可以得到充足的 O
1/3 判刑扣減,則有商榷餘地。
P P
Q 20. 根據《盜竊罪條例》,控罪三的最高刑罰是 10 年監禁; Q
R
其他的欺詐罪,則為 14 年監禁。 R
S S
21. 辯方引述的案例指出,盜竊罪沒有量刑指引,但涉及智能
T T
U U
V V
-6-
A A
B B
電話的案件,因種種原因,可以以更重的判罰處理1。
C C
22. 本席認為不單如此。被告人騙取/偷走 PW1 的手提電話的
D D
藉口是要檢查,要查證其他被捕人士的指控。這種手段實在可恥。本
E E
席認為比起同類型案件涉及的犯罪手法更精密。
F F
23. 以應用在其他欺詐罪上,本席也不接受犯案手法簡單。無
G G
疑,被告人並沒有連群結黨犯案,也沒有製作假文件,以多人扮演不
H H
同角色或利用受害人的家人,工作環境等制造騙局。本案亦不涉及傷
I 害金融機構或包含國際元素。但以再三向 PW1 訛稱 PW1 身陷困局, I
針對的是一位年青學生,完全是被告人抓緊 PW1 入世未深的特質,
J J
對 PW1 一再施壓,這等行為肯定是被告人思前想後之舉。被告人食
K K
髓知味,貪得無厭,卑劣得令人髮指。
L L
24. 辯方提供了的案例有一般性的,有針對街頭騙案的,包括:
M M
N (1) HKSAR v Chong Hung Shek [2019] 2 HKLRD 937; N
O O
(2) 香 港 特 別 行 政 區 訴 歐 陽 桂 蘭 及 另 二 人 [2009]
P P
HKCA 425;
Q Q
(3) 香港特別行政區 訴 葉世雄 [2014] HKDC 810;
R R
S S
(4) HKSAR v Ng Wing Lun [2012] HKDC 1729;
T T
1
HKSAR v Cheng Sau Yuk [2012] 5 HKLRD 415 及 HKSAR v Liu Lin Feng [2012] HKCA 99
U U
V V
-7-
A A
B B
C (5) 香港特別行政區 訴 劉靜兒 [2024] HKDC 1290。 C
D D
25. 從眾多例子可見,就欺詐罪行的判刑必須貼近案情,不能
E 一概而論。當中以即時監禁處理既是常態,也有其必要性。有不少例 E
F
子更以 4 年,或更高的起刑點處理,表現出法庭對不法份子嚴厲看待 F
的態度。
G G
H 26. 本席亦特意與控辯雙方討論有關潛逃,但認罪,卻沒有加 H
I
控不依法庭指示歸押的情況。事源一旦有加控不依法庭指示歸押罪, I
那該罪可得 1/3 認罪扣減的同時,其餘的原控罪則有案例指出,不可
J J
得到充足的 1/3 扣減。問題是,兩者背後的道理相約,但始終本案的
K 被告人是在出現現階段的各法律程序中及早認罪。他時至今日才面對 K
L 判刑,卻又是其咎由自取。 L
M M
27. 從鍾大律師的陳辭可見,她強調本案發生的日期距今超過
N 12 年。她沒有投訴任何延誤,事關這均是被告人潛逃之故所致。她亦 N
O 強調,本案在當年並未排期,所謂潛逃,也沒有包含違反法庭命令之 O
過,也有極端例子是最後潛逃者是沒有被檢控的現象可作比較。
P P
Q 28. 鍾大律師力陳,被告人是在盡早階段認罪。他自入境被捕 Q
R
之後,一直合作,直通判刑程序,希望法庭仍然給予 1/3 之扣減來反 R
映其盡早提出的認罪。
S S
T 29. 本席有機會詳細閱讀香港特別行政區 訴 陳偉傑 HCMA T
U U
V V
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A A
B B
160/2020 [2020] HKCFI 2507 的判詞。原訟法庭的潘法官(當時官階)
C 正要處理一位因病而缺席聆訊的上訴人未能獲得 1/3 的量刑扣減的案 C
件。
D D
E E
30. 潘法官引述 HKSAR v Ngo Van Nam [2016] 5 HKLRD 1 一
F 案的判詞。其中進一步引述的 HKSAR v Ma Ming [2013] 1 HKLRD 813 F
一案如下:
G G
H “ 6. … H
I ‘39. …The Court wrote in its judgment of Ma Ming (supra) I
the following:
J [27] A discount of one-third is quite a substantial J
discount. One of the main purposes of the court giving
this one-third discount to a defendant who pleads guilty
K K
is to encourage a guilty person to own up to the crimes
he committed, so as to conserve the resources of the
L community and to ensure that justice can be administered L
more efficiently and matters can be concluded in the
most expeditious manner.
M M
…
N N
134. Of the difficulties for a court to determine ‘what a
timely plea of guilty is’, Yeung VP said:
O O
Since there is a period of time between the moment when
P a suspect is put under arrest and the time when he appears P
in court to face the charge or charges, what happened
during that period of time and the attitude taken by the
Q suspect might influence the sentencing decision. If the Q
court has to take into account all these factors before
passing sentence, not a few disputes may arise and the
R R
sentence that will be passed ultimately would become
uncertain. …
S S
… the court may very likely have to go into fine
distinctions and subtle differences between different
T cases and adjust the sentences according to such niceties T
and subtleties. Such an approach would lengthen and
U U
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A A
B complicate the court proceedings, increase costs, B
adversely affect court efficiency and delay the handling
C of cases which genuinely require the court’s attention. It C
not only goes contrary to the policy and basic objective
of giving a one third discount, but is also against public
D interest. … D
E
135. In the result, Yeung VP concluded that: E
…when giving the one third discount the approach taken
F by the court is a firm and broad-brush approach. It gives F
a defendant who timely pleads guilty the one third
discount, which is substantial, without regard for niceties,
G G
in order to discourage excessive arguments and to
prevent wasteful use of the resources of the community.’
H H
7. Ngo Van Nam 案第 232 段亦指出:
I I
J ‘232. …we are satisfied that, usually, but subject to the J
overriding discretion of the magistrate in sentencing, the
opportunity to secure a one-third discount from the
K starting point for sentence occurs when the defendant is K
asked to tender a plea to the charge. If he pleads not
guilty and trial dates are fixed that opportunity is lost.’”
L L
(Emphasis added)
M M
31. 為此,潘法官補充說:
N N
「8. 由此可見,裁判官在考慮是否給予三分之一的量刑扣減
O 時仍可考慮一些他認為值得考慮的因素,而非盲目地只以不 O
同階段作出機械性的劃分。」(後加強調)
P P
32. 以此論之,本席認為本案中的被告人並沒有違反法庭命令
Q Q
的「潛逃」,他失蹤時又未有審期(甚至提訊日)的特質都並非關鍵
R 之處。被告人未能合理地依時序出庭應訊完全是他「潛逃」所致,反 R
S
映他悔意有限,與遲來但充分的悔意也不能跟盡早認罪者相提並論。 S
若以今時今日才有罪可認,被告人有把握機會來細分,明顯與潘法官
T T
所指「盲目地只以不同階段作出機械性的劃分」無異。
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A A
B B
C 33. 當然,本席沒有忘記 Ngo Van Nam 一案是在 2016 年 9 月 C
2 日頒布。本案發生則在 2012-2013 年間。但這方面的觀察,旨在說
D D
明法律上就追朔權力有特定考量和運用。依本席理解,Ngo Van Nam
E E
一案所論及的對本案仍然通用。事實上,一名被告人可得 1/3 量刑扣
F 減的法律精神始終如一。 F
G G
34. 同理,閱讀 HKSAR v Lo Kam Fai [2016] 2 HKLRD 308 一
H H
案,便會注意到其頒布日比 Ngo Van Nam 更早。可是,只要細心閱
I 讀,便知道上訴庭麥機智法官(當時官階)為該案所寫的判詞,正解 I
決到本席提出的疑問,並可為本案導航,沒有因為其頒布日期是本案
J J
發生之後而有所改變。
K K
L 35. 事源在該案中,麥法官指出: L
M M
“63. The issue of whether the courts should penalise a defendant
by reducing his discount for failing to enter a ‘timely plea’, and
N if so by how much, has been a matter of concern to the courts N
before. In HKSAR v Poon Chum Kong (unrep., CACC 228/1999),
for example, the Court of Appeal said of this issue:
O O
‘One of us was initially concerned about that approach.
P A person admitted to bail who fails to surrender to P
custody when called upon to do so commits an offence
punishable with imprisonment: see section 9L of the
Q Q
Criminal Procedure Ordinance (Cap 221). To deny a
defendant who absconded the discount for his plea of
R guilty which he would otherwise have been given could R
be said to be tantamount to punishing him for
committing that offence. He is, in effect, serving an
S additional sentence for having absconded when he had S
not been charged with that. It could be said that it was
T
wrong to treat the defendant in a way which has the effect T
of him receiving an additional sentence of imprisonment
for an offence for which he had never been charged.’
U U
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A A
B B
64. The Court overcame its concerns for reasons I shall return to.
C Accordingly, it upheld the discount accorded the applicant by C
the sentencing judge of 25%. However, it may be noted that in
Poon Chum Kong, the applicant had not in fact been charged
D with a further offence of absconding. We do not know, therefore, D
how the Court might have resolved the matter of discount in
E
respect of the substantive offence, if the applicant had been E
charged and sentenced for a separate offence of absconding.
F 65. It is also clear, from a review of relevant authorities, that the F
courts have not adopted a particularly consistent approach to
sentence where a defendant is sentenced in respect of the
G G
substantive offence in circumstances where he has absconded.”
H H
36. 由此可見,麥法官清楚把議題對焦在沒有就「潛逃」被加
I 控控罪的情況與出現加控控罪是否有別,再提出探討法庭在以往可有 I
J
不一致的處理手法。麥法官繼而列舉大量例子,說明有法庭就「潛逃」 J
後歸案認罪決意降低減刑幅度至 25%。首批案例是沒有就「潛逃」加
K K
控控罪,後一批,則有附加控罪(見第 60-70 段及第 71-79 段)。
L L
37. 問題跟著轉為兩組控罪(原控罪及就「潛逃」而附加的控
M M
罪)應否定必以完全分期執行處理,及無論如何,判刑中會否出現重
N N
覆判罰(double punishment)的情況(正如 Poon Chum Kong 案中提
O 出過的疑問)。 O
P P
38. 首 先 , 麥 法 官 認 為 綜 合 這 些 判 例 後 仍 然 可 以 確 立 “a
Q Q
reduced discount for a late plea by virtue of his absconding but not dealt
R with separately for a discrete offence of absconding, it would seem that a R
discount of about 25% has been the more favoured discount.”(第 80 段)
。
S S
這是包括了考量及分析該等只違反警方保釋(Police Bail)的案件。
T T
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A A
B B
39. 第二,有關是否必須把附加控罪(有出現的情況下)以完
C 全分期執行處理,則不被接納: C
D D
“83. Accordingly, I am not persuaded that White and McKinnon
supports the contention that, where a judge reduces the discount
E for plea on the substantive offence because of the defendant’s E
absconding, there must always be a wholly consecutive sentence
F for absconding when such a charge is additionally brought. ...” F
G 40. 不過要注意,麥法官清楚指出: G
H H
“85. What concerns me about this whole area of sentencing is
that, whilst I appreciate the conceptual differences between
I reducing a discount for an untimely plea and punishing a I
defendant for the separate criminal offence of absconding, there
J
must inevitably be a degree of overlap in the considerations J
which justify a court in reducing the discount and those which
indicate the length of sentence for absconding. Returning to the
K reasons which overcame the Court’s concerns in Poon Chum K
Kong, the Court said this:
L L
‘However, any initial misgivings about that approach
have now been laid to rest. The reason why the discount
M is reduced in these circumstances is because the plea of M
guilty is not tendered at the earliest opportunity. Indeed,
the effect of the applicant absconding was that there had
N to be a second trial. He was not therefore being punished N
for absconding. He was being denied the discount to
O which he would otherwise have been entitled because of O
the consequences of his absconding, namely that his plea
of guilty was in the circumstances a late plea and that a
P second trial was necessary. If one of the justifications for P
giving a discount for a plea of guilty is the saving of the
expense of a contested trial, that was to some extent
Q Q
neutralised in the present case by the expense of an albeit
short second trial.’
R R
86. This reasoning as to the practical consequences of
absconding for the courts on otherwise “timely pleas” finds
S S
resonance in a number of the other authorities to which I have
referred. In Ko Chun Hung, for example, the Court said:
T T
‘24. We accept that having been sentenced to 4 months’
imprisonment for absconding and then not being granted
U U
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A A
B the full one-third discount for pleading guilty again B
because of absconding, the applicant appeared to have
C been punished twice for the same facts. However, there C
was a logical foundation for it.
D 25. By absconding, the applicant had committed a fresh D
offence and had to be punished separately. By
E
absconding, the applicant also rendered the E
administration of justice more costly and more time-
consuming, and the judge was entitled to exercise his
F discretion by reducing the percentage of discount that he F
would otherwise have obtained.’”
G G
See also Leung Yau Wing, Victor, at para 29.
H H
41. 更重要的是:-
I I
“87. I would accept that pleas entered following any period of
J absconding are not timely. …”(後加強調) J
K K
42. 補充一句,麥法官的判詞以批准上訴,判上訴得直作結;
L 另外兩位上訴庭副庭長則未有改變原判決的處理。簡單交代,他們的 L
分歧只在整體性原則下,原審法庭把關正確與否,這無損麥法官就法
M M
律上的任何分析和判斷。本席更認為以本案論題而言,麥法官在判詞
N N
中的講解,極具份量,把論點和關注的要害處提供無可比擬的分析,
O 是所有閱讀本判詞的法律工作者應當伸延拜讀的。 O
P P
43. 就此,本席亦得向代表辯方的鍾大律師致謝,為她找出這
Q Q
個案例並作出陳辭而令本席得到協助實在難得。
R R
44. 可是,本席未能同意,本案有特別之處可令本席莫視被告
S S
人的「潛逃」。
T T
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A A
B B
45. 他的及早認罪也只是陝義之說,未達可享有完整的 1/3 扣
C 減的精神及用意。 C
D D
46. 經雙方陳辭及小心考慮後,本席認為在這背景下,因認罪
E E
的減幅該為 25%。
F F
47. 整體而言,本席認為控罪一至三,控罪四至七,及控罪八
G G
至十的量刑起點分別為 3 年,3 年 4 個月及 3 年 8 個月(即 36,40 及
H H
44 個月)。因認罪減至 27,30 及 33 個月。
I I
48. 被告人在過往 10 年間有機會已經反省了及相當程度改過
J J
自新,由他隻身潛往內地,到落地生根成家立室。本席認為就此以及
K 本案的發展,可行使酌情權進一步減刑 3 個月。當然,他今天才被判 K
L 刑,貫切地是他的選擇。他可在多年前重新做人,遠離獄中生活,他 L
沒有把握,是他對人生的錯誤決定。更何況,被告人並不是初犯。他
M M
有 5 次判監或失去自由的經歷。自 1989 年起有 7 項與不誠實有關的
N N
定罪紀錄。故此,本席看不到有任何進一步減刑理由或以非即時監禁
O 處理。 O
P P
49. 考慮到整體性原則,本席則願意把所有刑罰判以同期執行。
Q Q
因此,被告人就各項控罪如上被判 24,27 及 30 個月,同期執行,全
R 數共 30 個月監禁。 R
S S
T ( 陳永豪 ) T
區域法院暫委法官
U U
V V