DCCC632/2025 香港特別行政區 訴 馬翠琪及另一人
DCCC 632/2025
[2026] HKDC 575
香港特別行政區
區域法院
刑事案件2025年第632號
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香港特別行政區
訴
馬翠琪
(第二被告人)
曾憲聰
(第三被告人)
________________________
主審法官:
區域法院暫委法官王證瑜
日期:
2026年3月26日
出席人士:
蔡中婧女士,為律政司檢控官,代表香港特別行政區
楊穎欣女士,由法律援助署委派的CLM Lawyers延聘,代表第二被告人
常子謙先生,由黃律師事務所延聘,代表第三被告人
控罪:
[4] 處理已知道或相信為代表從可公訴罪行的得益的財產 (Dealing with property known or believed to represent proceeds of an indictable offence) - 第二被告人
[5] 處理已知道或相信為代表從可公訴罪行的得益的財產 (Dealing with property known or believed to represent proceeds of an indictable offence) - 第三被告人
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判刑理由書
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A. 控罪
1. 本案有3名被告人及5項控罪。本席只處理被告2及3。
2. 被告2承認控罪4的「處理已知道或相信為代表從可公訴罪行的得益的財產」(「洗黑錢」) ,違反第455章《有組織及嚴重罪行條例》第25(1)及(3)條。詳情指她於或約於2015年12月10日在香港,連同被告3,知道或有合理理由相信在中國銀行(香港)有限公司所持名下帳戶 (012-831-1-051855-3)(「控罪4帳戶」) 的總額港幣[1]160萬元款項,全部或部分、直接或間接代表任何人從可公訴罪行的得益而仍處理該財產。
3. 被告3承認控罪5的洗黑錢。詳情指他於2015年11月26日至12月14日期間在香港,連同稱為「傻豹」的人,知道或有合理理由相信在香港上海滙豐銀行有限公司所持名下帳戶(469-0-010592)(「控罪5帳戶」)的總額3,401,136元款項,全部或部分、直接或間接代表任何人從可公訴罪行的得益而仍處理該財產。
B. 案情
B.1. 騙案
4. 案情指2015年8至12月期間,證人1至43接到推銷電話聲稱可提供低息再按揭貸款。他們前往一間名為康宏國際 (亞洲) 有限公司 (「康宏」) 的辦公室,受可通過康宏獲得本地銀行低息貸款的前景所吸引,被誘使向指定的放債人借錢,然後交出借款或其本人的款項。騙徒訛稱該些款項是經康宏清還證人們的債務,或作為保證金、按金、投資本金及/或康宏轉介服務費,及利便銀行批出低息貸款。證人們向康宏付款後,從未收到任何貸款,並與康宏職員失聯。自2015年12月中,康宏的辦公室空置。
B.2. 控罪4帳戶
5. 2015年12月10日,證人9按康宏職員指示將 160萬元支票存入控罪4帳戶。同日,該款項被提取。同月,該帳戶結束。
6. 被告2是該帳戶的唯一簽署人。就2015/16財政年度,她報稱為銷售員,月入5,000至6,000元。
7. 2017年3月6日,被告2被捕並承認將控罪4帳戶借給任職地產代理的前男友(即被告3),讓他處理一張160萬元支票;被告3表示款項來自一名身份不詳的內地人,用作買地;被告2在款項存入該帳戶後為被告3以現金提取之。
B.3. 控罪5帳戶
8. 2015年11月26日,證人37按康宏職員指示將677,300元存入控罪5帳戶。同日,該款項被提取。
9. 同年12月10日,證人4按康宏職員指示將150萬元存入該帳戶。同日,該款項被提取。
10. 同年12月,證人14交一張1,223,836元的支票給康宏職員。同月14日,該支票被存入該帳戶。翌日,該款項被提取。
11. 同年11月26日至12月14日,共有3,401,136元被存入該帳戶。
12. 被告3是該帳戶的唯一簽署人。就 2015/16財政年度,他報稱沒有應課稅入息。
13. 2017年4月12日,被告3被捕並承認將該帳戶借給身份不詳但名為「傻豹」的朋友,讓後者接收340萬元。
14. 於關鍵時候,被告2及3分別知道或有合理理由相信,控罪4帳戶的160萬元款項及控罪5帳戶的3,401,136元款項,全部或部分、直接或間接代表任何人從可公訴罪行的得益而仍處理該財產。
C. 輕判請求
C.1. 案例
15. 辯方援引關於檢控延誤及特殊情況的上訴法庭案例包括以下。在Secretary for Justice v Chan Kit Bing [2001] 1 HKLRD 844,上訴人在審訊後被裁定1項串謀欺詐罪成立,被判刑法官判處監禁3年緩刑3年。上訴法庭指:
「In the normal course of events, the Respondent could not have complained at an immediate sentence of imprisonment. However, this case did not follow a normal course. We have had to consider whether the delay [of 5 years], for which no good reason has been advanced, was a factor which can only be described as an exceptional circumstance. The case had involved a straightforward investigation of facts which were not complicated.
Ultimately, the best way of looking at the delay in this case is by appreciating the fact that the Respondent was 31 years old at the time of the offence. She is now 38 years old. Leaving aside the part played by the Respondent and the subsequent report about her lifestyle,which reveals that she has apparently completely rehabilitated herself, both of which are side issues, the delay was, in our opinion, a most powerful circumstance making the suspension of the sentence an appropriate method of disposal on the special facts of this case. It seems, therefore, that although the judge provided the wrong reason for suspending the sentence, justice in the end was done, subject only to the length of the sentence he imposed.
Accordingly, we shall allow this application. We quash the sentence of three years’ imprisonment suspended for three years and, in its place, we substitute a sentence of two years suspended for three years.」[2]
16. 在香港特別行政區 訴 朱安芷 [2007] 4 HKLRD 310,上訴人承認6項欺詐罪,被判刑法官判處即時監禁20個月。上訴法庭指:
「9. 本庭認為即使警方需要時間搜集証據,但21個月的延誤實在是一個極為嚴重的延誤。上訴人當初所承認的控罪亦是她最終被控的控罪。警方沒有在調查案件之後向她加控其他罪行。本庭認為答辯人未能合理地解釋延誤。
10. 法庭在量刑時必須考慮案件是否存在檢控延誤的情況,若有的話,特別是在延誤期間,被告人更新、重新投入工作或償還欠債,法庭是會考慮扣減其刑期或判處緩刑或其他非即時監禁的刑罰,如社會服務令。
…
13. 本案上訴人在被拘捕後不但償還了有關的欠款,更於2005年1月至2006年10月期間受聘於另一間公司,任職秘書。根據胡法官的判決,上訴人至今已被監禁超過八個月,若她行為良好,她將會在本年12月23日[約5個月後]被釋放。基於本案的特殊情況,即上述所說的頗長及嚴重的檢控延誤及上訴人在這段期間內更生、重新投入社會工作及償還欠債,法庭是應該更改刑期,讓上訴人獲得即時釋放。」
17. 上訴法庭於HKSAR v Chiu Chi Wing CACC 243/2012引述了以下與延誤相關的判刑原則:[3]
「First, delay is not, of itself, a mitigating factor.
Secondly, delay will not ordinarily be a mitigating factor if it has been caused by difficulties in detecting, investigating or proving the offences committed by the offender, and the period of the delay is reasonable in the circumstances.
Thirdly, delay will not ordinarily be a mitigating factor if it is caused by the offender’s obstruction or lack of co-operation with the State, prosecuting authorities or investigatory bodies, but the offender’s reliance on his or her legal rights is not obstruction or lack of co-operation for this purpose.
Fourthly, delay will not ordinarily be a mitigating factor if it results from the normal operation of the criminal justice system, including delay as a result of the offender or a co-offender exercising his or her rights; for example, interlocutory appeals and other interlocutory processes.
Fifthly, delay may be conducive to the emergence of mitigating factors; for example, if, during the period of delay, the offender has made progress towards rehabilitation or other circumstances favourable to him or her have emerged.
Sixthly, delay (not being delay of the kind described in the second, third and fourth guiding principles) will ordinarily be a mitigating factor if:
(a) the delay has resulted in significant stress for the offender or left him or her, to a significant degree, in ‘uncertain suspense’; or
(b) during the period of delay the offender has adopted a reasonable expectation that he or she would not be charged, or a pending prosecution would not proceed, and the offender has ordered his or her affairs on the faith of that expectation.
Seventhly, delay caused by dilatory or neglectful conduct by the State, prosecuting authorities or investigatory bodies may result in a discount of the sentence that would otherwise be imposed on the offender, if the court thinks it an appropriate means of marking its disapproval of the conduct in question.」
18. 在HKSAR v Lam Ka Sin [2021] 2 HKLRD 32,上訴人承認1項串謀洗黑錢,被判刑法官判處即時監禁1年10個月。上訴法庭指:
「24. As a general rule, persons convicted of money laundering, even if they are first offenders, should be sentenced to a term of immediate imprisonment.
…
27. … where there are present circumstances that justify the sentencing court taking a lenient approach, the means by which this should be achieved is by reducing the starting point that would otherwise be appropriate for the gravity of the offending. There may be cases where a sentencing court is satisfied there are present “exceptional circumstances” to warrant consideration of alternative sentencing options. The concept of “exceptional circumstances” for the purposes of suspending a sentence of imprisonment, was wide enough to allow a sentencing court to take into account all relevant circumstances surrounding the offence, the offender and the background. Accordingly, “exceptional circumstances” may arise because of the prominent effect of an individual factor or the cumulative effect of several factors, but whatever the situation, it requires taking an overall or holistic view of the case.
28. … The classical principles of sentencing have been characterized by the objects of retribution, deterrence, prevention and rehabilitation … There is a tendency when sentencing offenders for serious crime to place emphasis on deterrence, for the very important primary object of protecting the community, but rehabilitation should not be overlooked, particularly when the circumstances of the case cry out for a more individualised sentence. As stated by Stock JA (as he then was) in HKSAR v Leung Pui Shan the sentence a court imposes must carefully be moulded not only to the category of the offence but to the offender. There will be cases, because of the gravity of the offence and the culpability of the offender, where little if any weight is given to mitigating factors that would otherwise be taken into account. But Stock JA also stressed the need for individual justice in such a case, having regard “to the policy considerations that might dictate in a category of case a stern general approach but never forgetting the fact that the courts are on each sentencing occasion dealing with an individual whose peculiar circumstances, if they exist, always deserve careful attention”.
29. When addressing individual justice, a sentencing court is particularly focused on rehabilitation of the offender. Rehabilitation as an object of sentencing is aimed at the renunciation by the offender of his wrongdoing and past misdeeds and his establishment or re-establishment as a law-abiding citizen. The ultimate object of the courts is to fashion sentencing measures designed to bring back into the fold an offender as a law-abiding citizen wherever such measures are consistent and compatible with the primary object of the criminal law which is the protection of the community.
30. There are obvious tangible benefits in the successful rehabilitation of an offender, the importance of which cannot be overestimated. This was succinctly explained by King CJ in Yardley v Betts, as follows:
The protection of the community is also contributed to by the successful rehabilitation of offenders. This aspect of sentencing should never be lost sight of and it assumes particular importance in the case of first offenders and others who have not developed settled criminal habits. If a sentence has the effect of turning an offender towards a criminal way of life, the protection of the community is to that extent impaired. If the sentence induces or assists an offender to avoid offending in future, the protection of the community is to that extent enhanced.
31. There is an element of compassion when addressing the object of rehabilitation, and this is normally displayed by the recognition of the suffering or misfortune of an offender. However, the offender must have shown that he has dissociated himself from his past wrongful conduct, and has committed himself to the future respect of the law. Where an offender has reformed and is not likely to reoffend, he is deserving of a sentencing option or measure that is appropriate for the category of the offence, and that also provides the means for his rehabilitation.
…
36. We consider that the appellant’s personal circumstances and factual circumstances of her involvement in the offence were not properly evaluated and the Judge therefore erred in imposing a high and inappropriate starting point. This highlights the warning that was given in Boma against fixing a tariff in sentencing for money laundering as “it might encourage a rigid mathematical approach and progression without proper regard to other individual relevant factors.” In our view, the appropriate starting point was one of 24 months’ imprisonment.
37. We would have reduced the notional starting point by one third for the appellant's guilty plea of 16 months' imprisonment.However, there were present in this case “exceptional circumstances” that, in our view, warranted consideration as to whether the sentence should be suspended in accordance with s.109B(1) of the Criminal Procedure Ordinance. The “exceptional circumstances” in this case were a culmination of the following matters:
(1) the events leading up to and surrounding the offence and the fact that the appellant withdrew from the arrangement (even though this also reflected on the gravity of the offence and the culpability of the appellant);
(2) the appellant’s age and personal circumstances and her vulnerability to exploitation by others;
(3) the birth of the appellant’s child and the change of her lifestyle and attitude in a positive and responsible way in the prolonged period after the offence; and
(4)the appellant’s renunciation of her wrongdoing and past misdeeds and the reformation of her character and commitment to pursuing a law abiding life.
38. For these “exceptional circumstances”, we would have suspended the appellant’s sentence of 16 months’ imprisonment for a period of two years. However, as she had already served the equivalent of the actual term of imprisonment, we ordered her immediate release.
39. This case is an important reminder that sentencing is not a “black-and-white” exercise.The objects of sentencing also include the important, and sometimes overlooked, object of rehabilitation when seeking to provide individual justice. An individualised sentence and a sentence which caters to other objects of sentencing, such as deterrence and denunciation, should not be regarded as mutually exclusive. They are all objects of a balanced and just sentence, although where the balance falls and how each object will be accommodated will necessarily vary from offence to offence and from one offender to another.」
19. 在香港特別行政區 訴 梁銳明 [2024] HKCA 562,上訴人洗黑錢約362萬元。區域法院以42個月為起點,因認罪而扣減1/3,及因延誤而扣減3個月,並判處25個月監禁。上訴法庭撤消該刑期,並改判上訴人即時獲釋,因為他由首次提供警誡供詞至被捕及被控歷時8年多,及他尚有2個月7 天便刑滿出獄。
20. 辯方援引的區域法院案件包括以下。在HKSAR v Li Cheng Lang Jye [2021] HKDC 145,該被告人承認洗黑錢約230萬元。區域法院基於檢控延誤6年及期間他更新而判監1年半緩刑3年。
21. HKSAR v Somkanay Nittaya [2024] HKDC 639涉及洗黑錢約178萬元。區域法院以30個月為起點,並因該被告人由被捕至被控歷時約3年而減刑2個月。
22. 在香港特別行政區 訴 李菀桐及另一人 [2024] HKDC 862,該被告2面對兩項洗黑錢罪,涉及共約100萬元。區域法院認為她由被捕至受審歷時6年多,期間曾被無條件釋放,所以檢控有延誤且構成例外情況,因此判監2年緩刑3年。
23. 在香港特別行政區 訴 王俊康及另一人[2024] HKDC 1015,該被告2承認洗黑錢約200萬元。區域法院基於檢控延誤4年及期間她的「正面及積極表現」[4]而判監20個月緩刑2年。
24. 香港特別行政區 訴 蔡芷瑩[2024] HKDC 1200涉及5項欺詐及2項洗黑錢,當中控罪7的黑錢為約196萬元。區域法院以3年為控罪7的起點,因認罪而減刑1/3,及因應控方申請而加刑1/3,並判處總刑期60個月。法庭認為緩刑合適,因為 (a) 由拘捕至案件首次在區域法院提訊歷時6年半,期間該被告人曾被無條件釋放,所以檢控有延誤,(b) 她償還了部分贓款,及 (c) 她已被羈押約18個月,所以判監2年緩刑3年。
25. 在香港特別行政區 訴 施文健[2024] HKDC 1777,控罪1的串謀洗黑錢涉及約166萬元。區域法院以2年9個月為起點,並因控方有2年多的不合理延誤而減刑3個月。
26. 在香港特別行政區 訴 龍子軒及另一人[2025] HKDC 507,控罪2的串謀洗黑錢涉及約168萬元。區域法院以16個月為起點,因案發至審結歷時超過5年而減刑1個月,並因應控方申請而加刑1/4。
C.2. 被告2
27. 就被告2,辯方陳詞如下:
(a) 控罪4只涉及1天的1項交易,而且無證據顯示被告2是主謀或知悉騙案,所以量刑起點應為16個月。
(b) 檢控有嚴重延誤,因為由被告2在2017年3月被捕及招認至2025年2月被控,歷時約8年。
(c) 被告2現年34歲。2021年,她因販運危險藥物被判監9年半 (HCCC 33/2021),將在本月29日(即3日後)獲釋。
(d) 服刑期間,被告2考取了12項證書,及修讀都會大學通識教育副學士課程,將在本年5月(即兩個月後) 完成。[5]
(e) 辯方呈上被告2、其母親、家姐、姐夫及羅湖懲教所立德學院義工導師的求情信:
(i) 被告2表示「此案件由2017年調查至今已9年,多年來我承受煎熬 … 在獄中自我反思,洗心革面使自己成為有責任感及守法的人,非常感謝懲教署提供不同的更生活動及名人分享講座,教導我正確的價值觀及正向心態,我修讀了多個課程,積極讀書增值自己。」
(ii) 義工導師指她於2023年認識被告2,並「欣賞[後者]雖在囚,都沒有放棄人生和前途,積極學習」。
(f) 根據背景報告,被告2家人表示她們因嚴重檢控延誤而擔心被告2未能如期獲釋,所以受到雙重打撃並感到沮喪。[6]
(g) 本案屬特殊情況,所以被告2的刑期應暫緩執行。
(h) 若非延誤,本案與HCCC 33/2021會一同判刑,所以兩案的部分刑期應同期執行。
28. 另外,根據被告2及3的背景報告,被告2干犯本案只是因為相信當時是其男朋友的被告3。
C.3.被告3
29. 就被告3,辯方陳詞如下:
(a) 控罪5涉及的交易次數少、時段短,無國際元素或繁複計劃;及被告3不知悉前置罪行。
(b) 檢控有與被告3無關的嚴重延誤,因他自2017年4月被捕及招認,至2025年2月被控歷時約8年,期間律政司分別兩次各花了超過1年半(共超過3年)提供法律意見。
(c) 被告3現年36歲,有中三學歷,及不類同刑事紀錄,包括於2016年就販運危險藥物被判監3年,及於2020年就濫收車資被判監14天緩刑18個月。
(d) 他自2021年更新,包括:
(i) 2021至2023年開設汽車維修公司,並與其他汽車維修公司合租店鋪經營生意;[7]
(ii) 2022年成為人父,而其4歲兒子在學習、語言及行為上遲緩,需接受治療及訓練,主要由前女朋友照顧;[8]
(iii) 2023年開設獨資經營的汽車維修公司,營運至今,月入約30,000元;但他只有一名僱員,若他被判處即時監禁,辯方指其事業「可能會付諸流水」;[9]
(iv) 2023至2024年,被告3自發舉辦慈善活動向長者及傷健人士派飯;[10]及
(v) 被告3在求情信表示「案件發生於十年前 … 隨日子慢慢過去,警方無進一步行動,亦無再聯絡我,所以我展開了出獄後洗心革面的新生活。2020年初得前女友大力支持,我展開了改寫我人生的汽車保修店事業,並於2024年於觀塘開設佔地千呎的旗艦店,開業6年深得客戶支持及同行認同,事業可為如日方中。2022年,前女友為我誕下麟兒 … 可為事業家庭兩得意 … 經歷過上一次監禁,本人已改過自身,但當我正於重新做人時,於2025年本人再次收到警方的檢控通告,得悉此消息後,本人感到非常沮喪,畢竟案件發生至今已達十年。面對辛苦經營的事業即將毀於一旦,要與犬兒分別離異,我感到極度後悔。」[11]
(e) 本案的延誤及被告3的更新構成特殊情況,所以法庭應判處緩刑。
C.4. 控方
30. 控方同意由兩名被告人於2017年被捕至2025年被控是長時間,但不同意是不合理延誤,因為案件牽涉大量證人、書面供詞、銀行文件、認人手續等。
31. 控方對法庭應否就兩名被告人的更新扣減刑期沒有陳詞,但不同意刑期應暫緩執行,因為她們沒有特殊情況。
D. 加刑申請
32. 控方根據第455章第27條只就被告3申請加刑。
33. 辯方反對,因為控方依賴的資料只涵蓋2020至2026年,若非檢控延誤,控方無基礎提出申請。
34. 辯方亦援引上訴法庭在HKSAR v Wong Fung Ming & Anor CACC 515/2001指:
「46. The power to enhance a sentence under section 27(11) is an extraordinary power. It enables a judge, as we have set out already, to pass a more severe sentence for a specified offence if one or more of a number of factors itemised in section 27 of OSCO has been established. We think that the power given to a judge to add to the sentence he has otherwise considered to be appropriate, which will often already have incorporated an element for deterrence, can only have been intended to spell out to others who might otherwise commit the same type of offence in the future that to do so will entail a particularly severe penalty. Inevitably, it is a power which ought to be utilised sparingly.」
35. 控方則援引上訴法庭在HKSAR v Chung Chi King CACC 504/2001指就第455章第27條的加刑申請,「it is a question of interpreting the statistics to see whether crime of this nature was prevalent at the time of the sentence」。但控方同意洗黑錢案件有「少微下降趨勢」。
E. 判刑
E.1. 一般原則
36. 上訴法庭在香港特別行政區 訴 許有益 [2010] 5 HKLRD 536指量刑的參考因素如下:[12]
(a) 涉案金額是重要的考慮因素,而非被告人在交易中獲得的利益。
(b) 控罪的罪責是協助、支持及鼓勵有關的公訴罪行,故此被告人的參與程度和洗黑錢的次數是有關連的因素。
(c) 處理公訴罪行得益的財產罪與有關的公訴罪行不一定有直接關係;但若果有關的公訴罪行是可以確認的,那麼法庭可以在處理控罪時考慮有關公訴罪行本身的刑期。
(d) 若案件涉及國際跨境成份,法庭可採納較嚴峻的刑期,以免香港作為國際金融及銀行中心的形象受損。
(e) 涉案時間。
37. 上訴法庭在香港特別行政區 訴 雲國強 [2012] 1 HKLRD 197指:
「12. “洗黑錢”是嚴重罪行,原因是“洗黑錢”不但間接地鼓勵犯罪活動,更試圖把犯罪得益合法化。為了打擊嚴重罪行,避免犯案者獲得經濟利益,阻嚇“洗黑錢”罪行是必需的(見上訴法庭在香港特別行政區 訴 Javid Kamran (CACC 400/2004)、香港特別行政區 訴 Xu Xia Li 及另一人[2004] 4 HKC 16 等案)。
13. 一般而言“洗黑錢”罪行的判刑應主要反映清洗“黑錢”的數額 ,而非被告人或其他人的得益。原因是要證明有關得益,非常困難而在大多數“洗黑錢”案件亦可能沒有證據顯示“黑錢”究竟是從甚麼公訴罪行所生的。當然如有資料證明“黑錢”源自嚴重罪行,包括販毒、擄人勒索、非法販賣人口和其他有組織罪行等或被告人的得益極大,則判刑理應上調。
14. … 其他和判刑有關的因素,包括犯案的次數及犯案時間的長短、被告人參與和“黑錢”有關罪行的程度、罪行是否有組織及是否精密等等。
15. 在香港特別行政區 訴 許有益 [2010] 5 HKLRD 536案,上訴法庭張澤祐法官在判案書上列出多宗“洗黑錢”案件所涉的金額和判刑。當涉案“黑錢”是100至200萬元時,量刑基準約為3年,300萬元至600萬元約為4年,而1,000萬元以上則可超過5年。」
38. 在HKSAR v Boma [2012] 2 HKLRD 33,上訴法庭列舉了重要及明顯的量刑因素:[13]
(a) 產生黑錢的前置罪行的性質及判刑;
(b) 被告人是否(i) 知悉前置罪行;及 (ii) 知悉或相信他處理的是黑錢,或他在這方面是魯莽或疏忽;
(c) 被告人是否知道他處理的是黑錢後仍繼續處理之;
(d) 其角色和報酬;洗黑錢計劃的指揮者的判刑應較受他聘用的人的為高;
(e) 罪行的繁複性,包括計劃的程度、是否涉及欺騙;
(f) 是否有國際元素,或牽涉犯罪集團;及
(g) 交易次數及犯案時段。
39. 上訴法庭在律政司司長 訴 谢志建 [2025] HKCA 911指:
(a) 量刑法官應牢記有關法例所針對的禍害,及留意有關罪行的最高判罰和所需的阻嚇性判刑。
(b) 涉案金額是重要但非唯一考慮因素。
(c) 雲國強只是撮述許有益列舉的案例所涉金額的大概量刑幅度。量刑法官不應僅依賴該幅度,或採用純數學計算方式作出判刑,而沒有適當考慮其他個別相關因素。法官須因應個別案件的案情,結合自己的量刑經驗,和對案件的整體觀感,而考慮適當刑期。
E.2. 被告2
40. 就控罪4,本席考慮了以下因素:
(a) 約160萬元黑錢的前置罪行包括貸款騙案,但無證據顯示被告2參與或知情。
(b) 被告2借控罪4帳戶給當時是其男朋友的被告3。
(c) 控罪4只涉及1天的1次交易,不牽涉國際元素、犯罪集團、或繁複計劃。
41. 本席以2年3個月(27個月)為量刑起點,並因認罪而扣減1/3至18個月。
42. 本席認為被告2的情況有以下減刑因素:
(a) 由被告2被捕及招認至被控歷時約8年,當中包括律政司花了共超過3年提供法律意見。雖然本案涉及大量證據,但無論如何,檢控屬嚴重緩慢,類似Chan Kit Bing並附合Chiu Chi Wing的第7點(dilatory)。
(b) 延誤期間,被告2承受巨大壓力,但她仍在更新方面取得進展,包括修畢12項證書,獲義工導師支持,和將在兩個月後完成副學士學位,分別附合Chiu Chi Wing的第6(a)點 (significant stress)及第5點 (made progress towards rehabilitation)。
43. 另外,被告2就HCCC 33/2021服刑尚餘3天就獲釋。
44. 所以她的情況類似朱安芷及梁銳明:三者都涉及嚴重檢控延誤,和被告人在法庭判刑時即將出獄。
45. 考慮了上述因素後,本席同意被告2的情況特殊,所以判處被告2監禁18個月緩刑3年,即她如在緩刑的實施期間犯了可懲處監禁的罪行,她須負根據第221章第109C條的法律責任。
46. 本席也同意若非延誤,本案可能與HCCC 33/2021一同判刑,或在該案的刑期仍有大部份未完成時判刑,所以法庭須考慮兩案的刑期整體性。本席認為兩案的合適總刑期是10年半,所以命令本案刑期中的6個月與該案的同期執行,其餘的12個月分期執行。
E.3. 被告3
47. 就控罪5,本席考慮了以下因素:
(a) 約340萬元黑錢的前置罪行包括貸款騙案,但無證據顯示被告3參與或知情。
(b) 時段為2015年11月26日至12月14日,涉及3次交易,不牽涉國際元素、犯罪集團、或繁複計劃。
(c) 被告3聲稱將控罪5帳戶借給身份不詳但名為「傻豹」的朋友。
48. 本席以3年3個月(39個月)為量刑起點,並因認罪而扣減1/3至26個月。
49. 本席認為由被告3被捕及招認至被控歷時約8年,當中包括律政司花了共超過3年提供法律意見,所以檢控亦屬嚴重緩慢,類似Chan Kit Bing並附合Chiu Chi Wing的第7點 (dilatory),因此本席減刑半年 (6個月) 至20個月。
50. 本席批准加刑申請,因為:
(a) 根據Chung Chi King,法庭考慮有關申請時是參考判刑時的資料,所以檢控有否延誤是無關宏旨;
(b) 無論如何,洗黑錢案件自2020年已有上升趨勢,所以即使檢控無延誤,法庭都可考慮加刑;及
(c) 雖然Wong Fung Ming指法庭應節約地 (sparingly) 運用加刑權力,但就洗黑錢案件,上訴法庭已確立判刑法官可批准相關申請。
51. 本席加刑1/5至24個月,因為近期的區域法院判刑也採納了這增幅:香港特別行政區 訴 石晉熙 [2024] HKDC 256、香港特別行政區 訴 陳燕明 [2024] HKDC 1634、香港特別行政區 訴 马胡吉 [2025] HKDC 133、及香港特別行政區 訴 葛落友 [2025] HKDC 2037。
52. 延誤期間,被告3在更新方面取得了進展及在個人事務方面作出了安排,包括開設獨資經營的汽車維修公司,養育需在學習、語言及行為上接受治療及訓練的4歲兒子,及舉辦慈善活動,分別附合Chiu Chi Wing的第5點 (made progress towards rehabilitation) 及第6(b) 點 (ordered his affairs)。若他被判處即時監禁,其事業及家庭可能受到巨大打擊;相反,如Lam Ka Sin引述Yardley所指,緩刑可協助被告3避免再犯,同時亦可加強對社會的保障。[14]
53. 所以本席同意被告3的情況亦屬特殊,因此判處被告3監禁24個月緩刑3年,即他如在緩刑的實施期間犯了可懲處監禁的罪行,他須負根據第221章第109C條的法律責任。
F. 總結
[stand up]
54. 因此,本席判處被告2監禁18個月緩刑3年,當中12個月與HCCC 33/2021分期執行;被告3監禁24個月緩刑3年。
( 王證瑜 )
區域法院暫委法官
[1] 下同。
[2] 第849頁。
[3] 第37段。
[4] 第92段。
[5] 「第二被告人的求情陳詞」Part 1:Tab-1。
[6] 第10段。
[7] 附件 1、2。
[8] 附件3。
[9] 附件4。
[10] 附件5。
[11] 附件6。
[12] 第9段。
[13] 第40段。
[14] 「If the sentence induces or assists an offender to avoid offending in future, the protection of the community is to that extent enhanced.」
DCCC632/2025 香港特別行政區 訴 馬翠琪及另一人
DCCC 632/2025
[2026] HKDC 575
香港特別行政區
區域法院
刑事案件2025年第632號
________________________
香港特別行政區
訴
馬翠琪
(第二被告人)
曾憲聰
(第三被告人)
________________________
主審法官:
區域法院暫委法官王證瑜
日期:
2026年3月26日
出席人士:
蔡中婧女士,為律政司檢控官,代表香港特別行政區
楊穎欣女士,由法律援助署委派的CLM Lawyers延聘,代表第二被告人
常子謙先生,由黃律師事務所延聘,代表第三被告人
控罪:
[4] 處理已知道或相信為代表從可公訴罪行的得益的財產 (Dealing with property known or believed to represent proceeds of an indictable offence) - 第二被告人
[5] 處理已知道或相信為代表從可公訴罪行的得益的財產 (Dealing with property known or believed to represent proceeds of an indictable offence) - 第三被告人
________________________
判刑理由書
________________________
A. 控罪
1. 本案有3名被告人及5項控罪。本席只處理被告2及3。
2. 被告2承認控罪4的「處理已知道或相信為代表從可公訴罪行的得益的財產」(「洗黑錢」) ,違反第455章《有組織及嚴重罪行條例》第25(1)及(3)條。詳情指她於或約於2015年12月10日在香港,連同被告3,知道或有合理理由相信在中國銀行(香港)有限公司所持名下帳戶 (012-831-1-051855-3)(「控罪4帳戶」) 的總額港幣[1]160萬元款項,全部或部分、直接或間接代表任何人從可公訴罪行的得益而仍處理該財產。
3. 被告3承認控罪5的洗黑錢。詳情指他於2015年11月26日至12月14日期間在香港,連同稱為「傻豹」的人,知道或有合理理由相信在香港上海滙豐銀行有限公司所持名下帳戶(469-0-010592)(「控罪5帳戶」)的總額3,401,136元款項,全部或部分、直接或間接代表任何人從可公訴罪行的得益而仍處理該財產。
B. 案情
B.1. 騙案
4. 案情指2015年8至12月期間,證人1至43接到推銷電話聲稱可提供低息再按揭貸款。他們前往一間名為康宏國際 (亞洲) 有限公司 (「康宏」) 的辦公室,受可通過康宏獲得本地銀行低息貸款的前景所吸引,被誘使向指定的放債人借錢,然後交出借款或其本人的款項。騙徒訛稱該些款項是經康宏清還證人們的債務,或作為保證金、按金、投資本金及/或康宏轉介服務費,及利便銀行批出低息貸款。證人們向康宏付款後,從未收到任何貸款,並與康宏職員失聯。自2015年12月中,康宏的辦公室空置。
B.2. 控罪4帳戶
5. 2015年12月10日,證人9按康宏職員指示將 160萬元支票存入控罪4帳戶。同日,該款項被提取。同月,該帳戶結束。
6. 被告2是該帳戶的唯一簽署人。就2015/16財政年度,她報稱為銷售員,月入5,000至6,000元。
7. 2017年3月6日,被告2被捕並承認將控罪4帳戶借給任職地產代理的前男友(即被告3),讓他處理一張160萬元支票;被告3表示款項來自一名身份不詳的內地人,用作買地;被告2在款項存入該帳戶後為被告3以現金提取之。
B.3. 控罪5帳戶
8. 2015年11月26日,證人37按康宏職員指示將677,300元存入控罪5帳戶。同日,該款項被提取。
9. 同年12月10日,證人4按康宏職員指示將150萬元存入該帳戶。同日,該款項被提取。
10. 同年12月,證人14交一張1,223,836元的支票給康宏職員。同月14日,該支票被存入該帳戶。翌日,該款項被提取。
11. 同年11月26日至12月14日,共有3,401,136元被存入該帳戶。
12. 被告3是該帳戶的唯一簽署人。就 2015/16財政年度,他報稱沒有應課稅入息。
13. 2017年4月12日,被告3被捕並承認將該帳戶借給身份不詳但名為「傻豹」的朋友,讓後者接收340萬元。
14. 於關鍵時候,被告2及3分別知道或有合理理由相信,控罪4帳戶的160萬元款項及控罪5帳戶的3,401,136元款項,全部或部分、直接或間接代表任何人從可公訴罪行的得益而仍處理該財產。
C. 輕判請求
C.1. 案例
15. 辯方援引關於檢控延誤及特殊情況的上訴法庭案例包括以下。在Secretary for Justice v Chan Kit Bing [2001] 1 HKLRD 844,上訴人在審訊後被裁定1項串謀欺詐罪成立,被判刑法官判處監禁3年緩刑3年。上訴法庭指:
「In the normal course of events, the Respondent could not have complained at an immediate sentence of imprisonment. However, this case did not follow a normal course. We have had to consider whether the delay [of 5 years], for which no good reason has been advanced, was a factor which can only be described as an exceptional circumstance. The case had involved a straightforward investigation of facts which were not complicated.
Ultimately, the best way of looking at the delay in this case is by appreciating the fact that the Respondent was 31 years old at the time of the offence. She is now 38 years old. Leaving aside the part played by the Respondent and the subsequent report about her lifestyle,which reveals that she has apparently completely rehabilitated herself, both of which are side issues, the delay was, in our opinion, a most powerful circumstance making the suspension of the sentence an appropriate method of disposal on the special facts of this case. It seems, therefore, that although the judge provided the wrong reason for suspending the sentence, justice in the end was done, subject only to the length of the sentence he imposed.
Accordingly, we shall allow this application. We quash the sentence of three years’ imprisonment suspended for three years and, in its place, we substitute a sentence of two years suspended for three years.」[2]
16. 在香港特別行政區 訴 朱安芷 [2007] 4 HKLRD 310,上訴人承認6項欺詐罪,被判刑法官判處即時監禁20個月。上訴法庭指:
「9. 本庭認為即使警方需要時間搜集証據,但21個月的延誤實在是一個極為嚴重的延誤。上訴人當初所承認的控罪亦是她最終被控的控罪。警方沒有在調查案件之後向她加控其他罪行。本庭認為答辯人未能合理地解釋延誤。
10. 法庭在量刑時必須考慮案件是否存在檢控延誤的情況,若有的話,特別是在延誤期間,被告人更新、重新投入工作或償還欠債,法庭是會考慮扣減其刑期或判處緩刑或其他非即時監禁的刑罰,如社會服務令。
…
13. 本案上訴人在被拘捕後不但償還了有關的欠款,更於2005年1月至2006年10月期間受聘於另一間公司,任職秘書。根據胡法官的判決,上訴人至今已被監禁超過八個月,若她行為良好,她將會在本年12月23日[約5個月後]被釋放。基於本案的特殊情況,即上述所說的頗長及嚴重的檢控延誤及上訴人在這段期間內更生、重新投入社會工作及償還欠債,法庭是應該更改刑期,讓上訴人獲得即時釋放。」
17. 上訴法庭於HKSAR v Chiu Chi Wing CACC 243/2012引述了以下與延誤相關的判刑原則:[3]
「First, delay is not, of itself, a mitigating factor.
Secondly, delay will not ordinarily be a mitigating factor if it has been caused by difficulties in detecting, investigating or proving the offences committed by the offender, and the period of the delay is reasonable in the circumstances.
Thirdly, delay will not ordinarily be a mitigating factor if it is caused by the offender’s obstruction or lack of co-operation with the State, prosecuting authorities or investigatory bodies, but the offender’s reliance on his or her legal rights is not obstruction or lack of co-operation for this purpose.
Fourthly, delay will not ordinarily be a mitigating factor if it results from the normal operation of the criminal justice system, including delay as a result of the offender or a co-offender exercising his or her rights; for example, interlocutory appeals and other interlocutory processes.
Fifthly, delay may be conducive to the emergence of mitigating factors; for example, if, during the period of delay, the offender has made progress towards rehabilitation or other circumstances favourable to him or her have emerged.
Sixthly, delay (not being delay of the kind described in the second, third and fourth guiding principles) will ordinarily be a mitigating factor if:
(a) the delay has resulted in significant stress for the offender or left him or her, to a significant degree, in ‘uncertain suspense’; or
(b) during the period of delay the offender has adopted a reasonable expectation that he or she would not be charged, or a pending prosecution would not proceed, and the offender has ordered his or her affairs on the faith of that expectation.
Seventhly, delay caused by dilatory or neglectful conduct by the State, prosecuting authorities or investigatory bodies may result in a discount of the sentence that would otherwise be imposed on the offender, if the court thinks it an appropriate means of marking its disapproval of the conduct in question.」
18. 在HKSAR v Lam Ka Sin [2021] 2 HKLRD 32,上訴人承認1項串謀洗黑錢,被判刑法官判處即時監禁1年10個月。上訴法庭指:
「24. As a general rule, persons convicted of money laundering, even if they are first offenders, should be sentenced to a term of immediate imprisonment.
…
27. … where there are present circumstances that justify the sentencing court taking a lenient approach, the means by which this should be achieved is by reducing the starting point that would otherwise be appropriate for the gravity of the offending. There may be cases where a sentencing court is satisfied there are present “exceptional circumstances” to warrant consideration of alternative sentencing options. The concept of “exceptional circumstances” for the purposes of suspending a sentence of imprisonment, was wide enough to allow a sentencing court to take into account all relevant circumstances surrounding the offence, the offender and the background. Accordingly, “exceptional circumstances” may arise because of the prominent effect of an individual factor or the cumulative effect of several factors, but whatever the situation, it requires taking an overall or holistic view of the case.
28. … The classical principles of sentencing have been characterized by the objects of retribution, deterrence, prevention and rehabilitation … There is a tendency when sentencing offenders for serious crime to place emphasis on deterrence, for the very important primary object of protecting the community, but rehabilitation should not be overlooked, particularly when the circumstances of the case cry out for a more individualised sentence. As stated by Stock JA (as he then was) in HKSAR v Leung Pui Shan the sentence a court imposes must carefully be moulded not only to the category of the offence but to the offender. There will be cases, because of the gravity of the offence and the culpability of the offender, where little if any weight is given to mitigating factors that would otherwise be taken into account. But Stock JA also stressed the need for individual justice in such a case, having regard “to the policy considerations that might dictate in a category of case a stern general approach but never forgetting the fact that the courts are on each sentencing occasion dealing with an individual whose peculiar circumstances, if they exist, always deserve careful attention”.
29. When addressing individual justice, a sentencing court is particularly focused on rehabilitation of the offender. Rehabilitation as an object of sentencing is aimed at the renunciation by the offender of his wrongdoing and past misdeeds and his establishment or re-establishment as a law-abiding citizen. The ultimate object of the courts is to fashion sentencing measures designed to bring back into the fold an offender as a law-abiding citizen wherever such measures are consistent and compatible with the primary object of the criminal law which is the protection of the community.
30. There are obvious tangible benefits in the successful rehabilitation of an offender, the importance of which cannot be overestimated. This was succinctly explained by King CJ in Yardley v Betts, as follows:
The protection of the community is also contributed to by the successful rehabilitation of offenders. This aspect of sentencing should never be lost sight of and it assumes particular importance in the case of first offenders and others who have not developed settled criminal habits. If a sentence has the effect of turning an offender towards a criminal way of life, the protection of the community is to that extent impaired. If the sentence induces or assists an offender to avoid offending in future, the protection of the community is to that extent enhanced.
31. There is an element of compassion when addressing the object of rehabilitation, and this is normally displayed by the recognition of the suffering or misfortune of an offender. However, the offender must have shown that he has dissociated himself from his past wrongful conduct, and has committed himself to the future respect of the law. Where an offender has reformed and is not likely to reoffend, he is deserving of a sentencing option or measure that is appropriate for the category of the offence, and that also provides the means for his rehabilitation.
…
36. We consider that the appellant’s personal circumstances and factual circumstances of her involvement in the offence were not properly evaluated and the Judge therefore erred in imposing a high and inappropriate starting point. This highlights the warning that was given in Boma against fixing a tariff in sentencing for money laundering as “it might encourage a rigid mathematical approach and progression without proper regard to other individual relevant factors.” In our view, the appropriate starting point was one of 24 months’ imprisonment.
37. We would have reduced the notional starting point by one third for the appellant's guilty plea of 16 months' imprisonment.However, there were present in this case “exceptional circumstances” that, in our view, warranted consideration as to whether the sentence should be suspended in accordance with s.109B(1) of the Criminal Procedure Ordinance. The “exceptional circumstances” in this case were a culmination of the following matters:
(1) the events leading up to and surrounding the offence and the fact that the appellant withdrew from the arrangement (even though this also reflected on the gravity of the offence and the culpability of the appellant);
(2) the appellant’s age and personal circumstances and her vulnerability to exploitation by others;
(3) the birth of the appellant’s child and the change of her lifestyle and attitude in a positive and responsible way in the prolonged period after the offence; and
(4)the appellant’s renunciation of her wrongdoing and past misdeeds and the reformation of her character and commitment to pursuing a law abiding life.
38. For these “exceptional circumstances”, we would have suspended the appellant’s sentence of 16 months’ imprisonment for a period of two years. However, as she had already served the equivalent of the actual term of imprisonment, we ordered her immediate release.
39. This case is an important reminder that sentencing is not a “black-and-white” exercise.The objects of sentencing also include the important, and sometimes overlooked, object of rehabilitation when seeking to provide individual justice. An individualised sentence and a sentence which caters to other objects of sentencing, such as deterrence and denunciation, should not be regarded as mutually exclusive. They are all objects of a balanced and just sentence, although where the balance falls and how each object will be accommodated will necessarily vary from offence to offence and from one offender to another.」
19. 在香港特別行政區 訴 梁銳明 [2024] HKCA 562,上訴人洗黑錢約362萬元。區域法院以42個月為起點,因認罪而扣減1/3,及因延誤而扣減3個月,並判處25個月監禁。上訴法庭撤消該刑期,並改判上訴人即時獲釋,因為他由首次提供警誡供詞至被捕及被控歷時8年多,及他尚有2個月7 天便刑滿出獄。
20. 辯方援引的區域法院案件包括以下。在HKSAR v Li Cheng Lang Jye [2021] HKDC 145,該被告人承認洗黑錢約230萬元。區域法院基於檢控延誤6年及期間他更新而判監1年半緩刑3年。
21. HKSAR v Somkanay Nittaya [2024] HKDC 639涉及洗黑錢約178萬元。區域法院以30個月為起點,並因該被告人由被捕至被控歷時約3年而減刑2個月。
22. 在香港特別行政區 訴 李菀桐及另一人 [2024] HKDC 862,該被告2面對兩項洗黑錢罪,涉及共約100萬元。區域法院認為她由被捕至受審歷時6年多,期間曾被無條件釋放,所以檢控有延誤且構成例外情況,因此判監2年緩刑3年。
23. 在香港特別行政區 訴 王俊康及另一人[2024] HKDC 1015,該被告2承認洗黑錢約200萬元。區域法院基於檢控延誤4年及期間她的「正面及積極表現」[4]而判監20個月緩刑2年。
24. 香港特別行政區 訴 蔡芷瑩[2024] HKDC 1200涉及5項欺詐及2項洗黑錢,當中控罪7的黑錢為約196萬元。區域法院以3年為控罪7的起點,因認罪而減刑1/3,及因應控方申請而加刑1/3,並判處總刑期60個月。法庭認為緩刑合適,因為 (a) 由拘捕至案件首次在區域法院提訊歷時6年半,期間該被告人曾被無條件釋放,所以檢控有延誤,(b) 她償還了部分贓款,及 (c) 她已被羈押約18個月,所以判監2年緩刑3年。
25. 在香港特別行政區 訴 施文健[2024] HKDC 1777,控罪1的串謀洗黑錢涉及約166萬元。區域法院以2年9個月為起點,並因控方有2年多的不合理延誤而減刑3個月。
26. 在香港特別行政區 訴 龍子軒及另一人[2025] HKDC 507,控罪2的串謀洗黑錢涉及約168萬元。區域法院以16個月為起點,因案發至審結歷時超過5年而減刑1個月,並因應控方申請而加刑1/4。
C.2. 被告2
27. 就被告2,辯方陳詞如下:
(a) 控罪4只涉及1天的1項交易,而且無證據顯示被告2是主謀或知悉騙案,所以量刑起點應為16個月。
(b) 檢控有嚴重延誤,因為由被告2在2017年3月被捕及招認至2025年2月被控,歷時約8年。
(c) 被告2現年34歲。2021年,她因販運危險藥物被判監9年半 (HCCC 33/2021),將在本月29日(即3日後)獲釋。
(d) 服刑期間,被告2考取了12項證書,及修讀都會大學通識教育副學士課程,將在本年5月(即兩個月後) 完成。[5]
(e) 辯方呈上被告2、其母親、家姐、姐夫及羅湖懲教所立德學院義工導師的求情信:
(i) 被告2表示「此案件由2017年調查至今已9年,多年來我承受煎熬 … 在獄中自我反思,洗心革面使自己成為有責任感及守法的人,非常感謝懲教署提供不同的更生活動及名人分享講座,教導我正確的價值觀及正向心態,我修讀了多個課程,積極讀書增值自己。」
(ii) 義工導師指她於2023年認識被告2,並「欣賞[後者]雖在囚,都沒有放棄人生和前途,積極學習」。
(f) 根據背景報告,被告2家人表示她們因嚴重檢控延誤而擔心被告2未能如期獲釋,所以受到雙重打撃並感到沮喪。[6]
(g) 本案屬特殊情況,所以被告2的刑期應暫緩執行。
(h) 若非延誤,本案與HCCC 33/2021會一同判刑,所以兩案的部分刑期應同期執行。
28. 另外,根據被告2及3的背景報告,被告2干犯本案只是因為相信當時是其男朋友的被告3。
C.3.被告3
29. 就被告3,辯方陳詞如下:
(a) 控罪5涉及的交易次數少、時段短,無國際元素或繁複計劃;及被告3不知悉前置罪行。
(b) 檢控有與被告3無關的嚴重延誤,因他自2017年4月被捕及招認,至2025年2月被控歷時約8年,期間律政司分別兩次各花了超過1年半(共超過3年)提供法律意見。
(c) 被告3現年36歲,有中三學歷,及不類同刑事紀錄,包括於2016年就販運危險藥物被判監3年,及於2020年就濫收車資被判監14天緩刑18個月。
(d) 他自2021年更新,包括:
(i) 2021至2023年開設汽車維修公司,並與其他汽車維修公司合租店鋪經營生意;[7]
(ii) 2022年成為人父,而其4歲兒子在學習、語言及行為上遲緩,需接受治療及訓練,主要由前女朋友照顧;[8]
(iii) 2023年開設獨資經營的汽車維修公司,營運至今,月入約30,000元;但他只有一名僱員,若他被判處即時監禁,辯方指其事業「可能會付諸流水」;[9]
(iv) 2023至2024年,被告3自發舉辦慈善活動向長者及傷健人士派飯;[10]及
(v) 被告3在求情信表示「案件發生於十年前 … 隨日子慢慢過去,警方無進一步行動,亦無再聯絡我,所以我展開了出獄後洗心革面的新生活。2020年初得前女友大力支持,我展開了改寫我人生的汽車保修店事業,並於2024年於觀塘開設佔地千呎的旗艦店,開業6年深得客戶支持及同行認同,事業可為如日方中。2022年,前女友為我誕下麟兒 … 可為事業家庭兩得意 … 經歷過上一次監禁,本人已改過自身,但當我正於重新做人時,於2025年本人再次收到警方的檢控通告,得悉此消息後,本人感到非常沮喪,畢竟案件發生至今已達十年。面對辛苦經營的事業即將毀於一旦,要與犬兒分別離異,我感到極度後悔。」[11]
(e) 本案的延誤及被告3的更新構成特殊情況,所以法庭應判處緩刑。
C.4. 控方
30. 控方同意由兩名被告人於2017年被捕至2025年被控是長時間,但不同意是不合理延誤,因為案件牽涉大量證人、書面供詞、銀行文件、認人手續等。
31. 控方對法庭應否就兩名被告人的更新扣減刑期沒有陳詞,但不同意刑期應暫緩執行,因為她們沒有特殊情況。
D. 加刑申請
32. 控方根據第455章第27條只就被告3申請加刑。
33. 辯方反對,因為控方依賴的資料只涵蓋2020至2026年,若非檢控延誤,控方無基礎提出申請。
34. 辯方亦援引上訴法庭在HKSAR v Wong Fung Ming & Anor CACC 515/2001指:
「46. The power to enhance a sentence under section 27(11) is an extraordinary power. It enables a judge, as we have set out already, to pass a more severe sentence for a specified offence if one or more of a number of factors itemised in section 27 of OSCO has been established. We think that the power given to a judge to add to the sentence he has otherwise considered to be appropriate, which will often already have incorporated an element for deterrence, can only have been intended to spell out to others who might otherwise commit the same type of offence in the future that to do so will entail a particularly severe penalty. Inevitably, it is a power which ought to be utilised sparingly.」
35. 控方則援引上訴法庭在HKSAR v Chung Chi King CACC 504/2001指就第455章第27條的加刑申請,「it is a question of interpreting the statistics to see whether crime of this nature was prevalent at the time of the sentence」。但控方同意洗黑錢案件有「少微下降趨勢」。
E. 判刑
E.1. 一般原則
36. 上訴法庭在香港特別行政區 訴 許有益 [2010] 5 HKLRD 536指量刑的參考因素如下:[12]
(a) 涉案金額是重要的考慮因素,而非被告人在交易中獲得的利益。
(b) 控罪的罪責是協助、支持及鼓勵有關的公訴罪行,故此被告人的參與程度和洗黑錢的次數是有關連的因素。
(c) 處理公訴罪行得益的財產罪與有關的公訴罪行不一定有直接關係;但若果有關的公訴罪行是可以確認的,那麼法庭可以在處理控罪時考慮有關公訴罪行本身的刑期。
(d) 若案件涉及國際跨境成份,法庭可採納較嚴峻的刑期,以免香港作為國際金融及銀行中心的形象受損。
(e) 涉案時間。
37. 上訴法庭在香港特別行政區 訴 雲國強 [2012] 1 HKLRD 197指:
「12. “洗黑錢”是嚴重罪行,原因是“洗黑錢”不但間接地鼓勵犯罪活動,更試圖把犯罪得益合法化。為了打擊嚴重罪行,避免犯案者獲得經濟利益,阻嚇“洗黑錢”罪行是必需的(見上訴法庭在香港特別行政區 訴 Javid Kamran (CACC 400/2004)、香港特別行政區 訴 Xu Xia Li 及另一人[2004] 4 HKC 16 等案)。
13. 一般而言“洗黑錢”罪行的判刑應主要反映清洗“黑錢”的數額 ,而非被告人或其他人的得益。原因是要證明有關得益,非常困難而在大多數“洗黑錢”案件亦可能沒有證據顯示“黑錢”究竟是從甚麼公訴罪行所生的。當然如有資料證明“黑錢”源自嚴重罪行,包括販毒、擄人勒索、非法販賣人口和其他有組織罪行等或被告人的得益極大,則判刑理應上調。
14. … 其他和判刑有關的因素,包括犯案的次數及犯案時間的長短、被告人參與和“黑錢”有關罪行的程度、罪行是否有組織及是否精密等等。
15. 在香港特別行政區 訴 許有益 [2010] 5 HKLRD 536案,上訴法庭張澤祐法官在判案書上列出多宗“洗黑錢”案件所涉的金額和判刑。當涉案“黑錢”是100至200萬元時,量刑基準約為3年,300萬元至600萬元約為4年,而1,000萬元以上則可超過5年。」
38. 在HKSAR v Boma [2012] 2 HKLRD 33,上訴法庭列舉了重要及明顯的量刑因素:[13]
(a) 產生黑錢的前置罪行的性質及判刑;
(b) 被告人是否(i) 知悉前置罪行;及 (ii) 知悉或相信他處理的是黑錢,或他在這方面是魯莽或疏忽;
(c) 被告人是否知道他處理的是黑錢後仍繼續處理之;
(d) 其角色和報酬;洗黑錢計劃的指揮者的判刑應較受他聘用的人的為高;
(e) 罪行的繁複性,包括計劃的程度、是否涉及欺騙;
(f) 是否有國際元素,或牽涉犯罪集團;及
(g) 交易次數及犯案時段。
39. 上訴法庭在律政司司長 訴 谢志建 [2025] HKCA 911指:
(a) 量刑法官應牢記有關法例所針對的禍害,及留意有關罪行的最高判罰和所需的阻嚇性判刑。
(b) 涉案金額是重要但非唯一考慮因素。
(c) 雲國強只是撮述許有益列舉的案例所涉金額的大概量刑幅度。量刑法官不應僅依賴該幅度,或採用純數學計算方式作出判刑,而沒有適當考慮其他個別相關因素。法官須因應個別案件的案情,結合自己的量刑經驗,和對案件的整體觀感,而考慮適當刑期。
E.2. 被告2
40. 就控罪4,本席考慮了以下因素:
(a) 約160萬元黑錢的前置罪行包括貸款騙案,但無證據顯示被告2參與或知情。
(b) 被告2借控罪4帳戶給當時是其男朋友的被告3。
(c) 控罪4只涉及1天的1次交易,不牽涉國際元素、犯罪集團、或繁複計劃。
41. 本席以2年3個月(27個月)為量刑起點,並因認罪而扣減1/3至18個月。
42. 本席認為被告2的情況有以下減刑因素:
(a) 由被告2被捕及招認至被控歷時約8年,當中包括律政司花了共超過3年提供法律意見。雖然本案涉及大量證據,但無論如何,檢控屬嚴重緩慢,類似Chan Kit Bing並附合Chiu Chi Wing的第7點(dilatory)。
(b) 延誤期間,被告2承受巨大壓力,但她仍在更新方面取得進展,包括修畢12項證書,獲義工導師支持,和將在兩個月後完成副學士學位,分別附合Chiu Chi Wing的第6(a)點 (significant stress)及第5點 (made progress towards rehabilitation)。
43. 另外,被告2就HCCC 33/2021服刑尚餘3天就獲釋。
44. 所以她的情況類似朱安芷及梁銳明:三者都涉及嚴重檢控延誤,和被告人在法庭判刑時即將出獄。
45. 考慮了上述因素後,本席同意被告2的情況特殊,所以判處被告2監禁18個月緩刑3年,即她如在緩刑的實施期間犯了可懲處監禁的罪行,她須負根據第221章第109C條的法律責任。
46. 本席也同意若非延誤,本案可能與HCCC 33/2021一同判刑,或在該案的刑期仍有大部份未完成時判刑,所以法庭須考慮兩案的刑期整體性。本席認為兩案的合適總刑期是10年半,所以命令本案刑期中的6個月與該案的同期執行,其餘的12個月分期執行。
E.3. 被告3
47. 就控罪5,本席考慮了以下因素:
(a) 約340萬元黑錢的前置罪行包括貸款騙案,但無證據顯示被告3參與或知情。
(b) 時段為2015年11月26日至12月14日,涉及3次交易,不牽涉國際元素、犯罪集團、或繁複計劃。
(c) 被告3聲稱將控罪5帳戶借給身份不詳但名為「傻豹」的朋友。
48. 本席以3年3個月(39個月)為量刑起點,並因認罪而扣減1/3至26個月。
49. 本席認為由被告3被捕及招認至被控歷時約8年,當中包括律政司花了共超過3年提供法律意見,所以檢控亦屬嚴重緩慢,類似Chan Kit Bing並附合Chiu Chi Wing的第7點 (dilatory),因此本席減刑半年 (6個月) 至20個月。
50. 本席批准加刑申請,因為:
(a) 根據Chung Chi King,法庭考慮有關申請時是參考判刑時的資料,所以檢控有否延誤是無關宏旨;
(b) 無論如何,洗黑錢案件自2020年已有上升趨勢,所以即使檢控無延誤,法庭都可考慮加刑;及
(c) 雖然Wong Fung Ming指法庭應節約地 (sparingly) 運用加刑權力,但就洗黑錢案件,上訴法庭已確立判刑法官可批准相關申請。
51. 本席加刑1/5至24個月,因為近期的區域法院判刑也採納了這增幅:香港特別行政區 訴 石晉熙 [2024] HKDC 256、香港特別行政區 訴 陳燕明 [2024] HKDC 1634、香港特別行政區 訴 马胡吉 [2025] HKDC 133、及香港特別行政區 訴 葛落友 [2025] HKDC 2037。
52. 延誤期間,被告3在更新方面取得了進展及在個人事務方面作出了安排,包括開設獨資經營的汽車維修公司,養育需在學習、語言及行為上接受治療及訓練的4歲兒子,及舉辦慈善活動,分別附合Chiu Chi Wing的第5點 (made progress towards rehabilitation) 及第6(b) 點 (ordered his affairs)。若他被判處即時監禁,其事業及家庭可能受到巨大打擊;相反,如Lam Ka Sin引述Yardley所指,緩刑可協助被告3避免再犯,同時亦可加強對社會的保障。[14]
53. 所以本席同意被告3的情況亦屬特殊,因此判處被告3監禁24個月緩刑3年,即他如在緩刑的實施期間犯了可懲處監禁的罪行,他須負根據第221章第109C條的法律責任。
F. 總結
[stand up]
54. 因此,本席判處被告2監禁18個月緩刑3年,當中12個月與HCCC 33/2021分期執行;被告3監禁24個月緩刑3年。
( 王證瑜 )
區域法院暫委法官
[1] 下同。
[2] 第849頁。
[3] 第37段。
[4] 第92段。
[5] 「第二被告人的求情陳詞」Part 1:Tab-1。
[6] 第10段。
[7] 附件 1、2。
[8] 附件3。
[9] 附件4。
[10] 附件5。
[11] 附件6。
[12] 第9段。
[13] 第40段。
[14] 「If the sentence induces or assists an offender to avoid offending in future, the protection of the community is to that extent enhanced.」