A A
B B
DCCC 884/2023
C [2024] HKDC 1458 C
D D
香港特別行政區
E 區域法院 E
刑事案件 2023 年第 884 號
F F
G G
------------------------------
H 香港特別行政區 H
訴
I I
陳傑豐
J J
------------------------------
K K
主審法官: 區域法院法官謝沈智慧
L L
日期: 2024 年 9 月 2 日
M 出席人士: 吳思思女士,律政司檢控官,代表香港特別行政區 M
N 周偉雄先生,由法律援助署委派的黎國光律師事務所延 N
聘,代表被告人
O O
控罪: [1] 盜竊罪 (Theft)
P P
[2] 使用他人的身份證 (Using an identity card relating to
Q another person) Q
[3] 偽造 (Forgery)
R R
[4] 在公眾地方管有攻擊性武器 (Possession of an offensive
S S
weapon in a public place)
T
[5] 駕駛時無有效駕駛執照 (Driving without a valid driving T
licence)
U U
V V
-2-
A A
B B
[6] 沒有第三者保險而使用汽車 (Using a motor vehicle
C without third party insurance) C
D D
------------------------------
E 判刑理由書 E
------------------------------
F F
G 1. 被告人承認共 6 項控罪: G
H H
(1) 盜竊,違反香港法例第 210 章《盜竊罪條例》第 9
I I
條(控罪 1);
J J
(2) 使用他人的身份證,違反香港法例第 177 章《人事
K K
登記條例》第 7A(1A) 條(控罪 2);
L L
M (3) 偽造,違反香港法例第 200 章《刑事罪行條例》第 M
71 條(控罪 3);
N N
O O
(4) 在公眾地方管有攻擊性武器,違反香港法例第 245
P 章《公安條例》第 33(1) 條(控罪 4); P
Q Q
(5) 駕駛時無有效駕駛執照,違反香港法例第 374 章
R R
《道路交通條例》第 42(1) 及 (4) 條(控罪 5);及
S S
T T
U U
V V
-3-
A A
B B
(6) 沒有第三者保險而使用汽車,違反香港法例第 272
C 章《汽車保險(第三者風險)條例》第 4(1) 及 C
(2)(a) 條(控罪 6)。
D D
E E
案情撮要
F F
2. 被告人承認的經修訂案情撮要如下:
G G
H 案情 H
I I
(1) 2023 年 2 月 7 日,警務人員在元朗進行反毒品行
J J
動。約於 1725 時,偵緝警員 25731(控方第三證
K 人 ) 與 隊 員 看 見 登 記 號 碼 WY 3757 的 私 家 車 K
L
(WY 3757)進入天水圍天秀路 8 號天一商場停車 L
場 B 層(天一停車場)。被告人及一名女子分別
M M
從 WY 3757 的駕駛座位及前座乘客座位下車。控
N 方 第 三 證 人表 露 警 察身 份 , 截停 被 告人 。 經 查 N
O 問,發現被告人 16 歲(即未滿 18 歲),並無持有 O
任何駕駛執照。控方第三證人搜查被告人,在他
P P
身上檢獲一條 WY 3757 的車匙。
Q Q
R (2) 被告人於是被拘捕,並於警誡下說:「我知我無 R
牌,我先偷架車嚟揸」。
S S
T T
U U
V V
-4-
A A
B B
(3) 經搜車,在前座乘客位置地氈下面發現一個環保
C 袋,載有一把開山刀(刀鋒約 32 厘米,刀鋒被一 C
個紙皮刀套包裹着)。被告人於警誡下說:「我
D D
驚俾人打,先將把刀擺喺架車度傍身」。
E E
F 警方調查 F
G G
(4) 指紋檢驗顯示,WY 3757 的右車門發現被告人的
H H
右掌紋。
I I
(5) 天一停車場的閉路電視片段拍攝到 2023 年 2 月 7
J J
日 1510 時,被告人駕駛 WY 3757,載着一名女子
K K
離開停車場。
L L
(6) 運輸署記錄顯示:
M M
N (a) WY 3757 的登記車主是羅梓賢先生(控方第 N
O
一證人),報稱的通信地址是將軍澳健明邨 O
一住宅單位(單位);
P P
Q (b) 被告人沒有任何有效的駕駛執照。 Q
R R
(7) 居於單位內的張萬鴻先生(控方第二證人)確認
S S
對有關 WY 3757 的運輸署記錄並不知情。
T T
U U
V V
-5-
A A
B B
(8) 控方第一證人表示:
C C
(a) 2022 年 12 月 1 日,他遺失了載有香港身份
D D
證及其他物品的銀包。他同日報失了香港身
E E
份證。
F F
(b) 他並無擁有任何車輛,亦無授權任何人把他
G G
登記為 WY 3757 的車主。
H H
I
(c) 他從沒收到任何關於 WY 3757 的通知或信 I
件,對單位亦毫不知情。
J J
K (d) 他並不認識被告人。 K
L L
警誡會面
M M
N (9) 被告人其後進行錄影會面,說出一些事情,當中 N
包括以下各項:
O O
P P
(a) 被告人已駕駛 WY 3757 約兩星期。2023 年 1
Q 月底,被告人以港幣約 20,000 元購買 WY Q
3757,然後指示代辦公司用控方第一證人的
R R
香港身份證把控方第一證人登記為 WY 3757
S S
的車主。該身份證是被告人一個月前在旺角
T 拾獲的。2023 年 1 月 31 日,被告人簽署了 T
有關 WY 3757 的「車輛過戶通知書」。
U U
V V
-6-
A A
B B
C (b) 被告人一星期前在旺角丟掉控方第一證人的 C
香港身份證。被告人並不認識控方第一證
D D
人。
E E
F
(c) 被告人亦在網上向亞洲保險有限公司遞交了 F
住址證明信件。他用 Photoshop 編輯該住址
G G
證明,用作購買 WY 3757 的第三者保險。他
H H
把原有信件上的地址改成了單位的地址。
I I
(d) 被告人在天一停車場 2023 年 2 月 7 日的閉路
J J
電視片段截圖中認出自己。
K K
L
(e) 被告人於兩星期前在旺角的後巷拾獲涉案的 L
「開山刀」,隨後把該「開山刀」放在 WY
M M
3757 前座乘客位置地氈下面作「防身」之
N 用。 N
O O
判刑原則
P P
Q 控罪 1:盜竊 Q
R R
3. 「盜竊」罪最高的刑期為 10 年監禁,沒有量刑指引。
S S
T T
U U
V V
-7-
A A
B B
控罪 2:使用他人的身份證
C C
4. 該 控 罪 最 高 的 刑 期 為 第 六 級 罰 款 及 10 年 監 禁 。 於
D D
HKSAR v Li Chang Li [2005] 1 HKLRD 864 一案中,上訴法庭就來港
E E
訪客管有或使用偽造或他人身份證訂定量刑指引。根據該指引,就
F 算被告人合法留港,承認管有偽造身份證或他人身份證後適當的量 F
刑基準為 12 個月監禁;如被告人曾出示或使用過上述身份證,藉此
G G
非法受聘或非法延期留港,認罪後適當的量刑基準為 15 個月監禁。
H H
除此之外,該類控罪沒有量刑指引。
I I
控罪 3:偽造
J J
K K
5. 這是嚴重控罪,最高刑期為 14 年監禁;刑期視乎案情,
L 沒有量刑指引。 L
M M
控罪 4:在公眾地方管有攻擊性武器
N N
O
6. 該控罪最高的刑期為 3 年監禁,沒有量刑指引,但法例 O
按被告人的年齡劃分法庭可考慮的判刑。
P P
Q 控罪 5:駕駛時無有效駕駛執照 Q
R R
7. 如屬首次被定罪,該控罪最高的刑罰為第 2 級罰款及監
S S
禁 3 個月(見香港法例第 374 章《道路交通條例》第 42(4) 條)。
T T
U U
V V
-8-
A A
B B
8. 另外,上述法例第 69 條訂明:
C C
「69. 就某些罪行的定罪而取消駕駛資格
D D
(1) 在不損害規定就一項罪行可以或必須施加罰
E
則的任何其他條文下,判處任何人以下罪行 E
罪名成立的法庭或裁判官,可命令該人取消
駕駛資格為期一段其認為適當的期間 ——
F F
(a) 任何本條例所訂與駕駛汽車相關的罪
G 行…」 G
H H
控罪 6:沒有第三者保險而使用汽車
I I
9. 香港法例第 272 章《汽車保險(第三者風險)條例》第
J J
4(2)(a) 條訂明,該控罪最高的刑罰為第 3 級罰款及監禁 12 個月。另
K K
外,任何人就本條所訂罪行被定罪,其持有或領取汽車駕駛執照的
L 資格須予取消(除非法庭因特別理由而認為適合另作命令,期間由 L
法庭裁定,但由定罪之日起計不得少於 12 個月或多於 3 年。
M M
N N
被告人的背景
O O
10. 被告人生於 2006 年 2 月,現年 18 歲(案發時 16 歲),
P P
未婚,與父母及長姊同住。他曾接受中二程度的教育,但於 2021 年
Q 輟學。 Q
R R
11. 被告人有 4 項刑事定罪紀錄,與本案的控罪不類同(包
S S
括串謀販運危險藥物、普通襲擊、違反感化令及襲擊引致造成身體
T 受傷。最後一次被定罪的日期為 2021 年 9 月 28 日,被判處戒毒所。 T
U U
V V
-9-
A A
B B
C 討論 C
D D
法庭應否傳召報告
E E
12. 大律師依賴香港法例第 245 章《公安條例》第 33(2)(b)
F F
條,要求法庭判刑前先傳閱一系列報告。《公安條例》第 33 條訂明
G G
(強調後加):
H H
「(1) 任何人如無合法權限或合理辯解而在任何公眾地方
I 攜有任何攻擊性武器,即屬犯罪,一經循簡易程序 I
或公訴程序定罪,可按第 (2) 款指明的方式判處刑
J 罰。 J
K
(2) 被裁定犯第 (1) 款所訂的罪行的人 —— K
(a) 如年齡未滿 14 歲,須按照《少年犯條例》
L (第 226 章)的條文處理; L
M (b) 如年齡已滿 14 歲但不足 17 歲,須 —— M
(i) 判處不超過 3 年的監禁;
N N
(ii) 判處根據《勞教中心條例》(第 239
O 章)條文發出的羈留令,但須符合該 O
條例的條文;
P P
(iii) (已於 1990 年被廢除);
Q (iv) 在符合《教導所條例》(第 280 章) Q
的條文下,判處在該條例所指的教導
R 所羈留;或 R
(v) 在 符 合 《 更 生 中 心 條 例 》 ( 第 567
S S
章)的條文下,判處在該條例所指的
更生中心羈留;
T T
U U
V V
- 10 -
A A
B (c) 如年齡已滿 17 歲但不足 25 歲,須 —— B
C (i) 判處不超過 3 年的監禁; C
(ii) 判處根據《勞教中心條例》(第 239
D D
章)條文發出的羈留令,但須符合該
條例的條文;
E E
(iii) (已於 1990 年被廢除);
F F
(iv) 在 符 合 《 更 生 中 心 條 例 》 ( 第 567
章)的條文下,判處在該條例所指的
G G
更生中心羈留;
H (d) 如年齡在 25 歲或以上,須判處不超過 3 年的 H
監禁。」
I I
13. 首先,《公安條例》第 33 條之下的控罪是例外控罪
J J
(Excepted Offence);除非法例另有訂明,根據香港法例第 221 章
K K
《刑事訴訟程序條例》第 109A 條,就算是年青罪犯,法庭判處監禁
L 前無須考慮其他判刑選項。 L
M M
14. 根據第 33(2)(a) 條,如被告人年齡未滿 14 歲,須按照
N N
《少年犯條例》(第 226 章)的條文處理。除了被告人的年齡外,
O 法例第 33(2)(b) 及 33(2)(c) 條有明顯的差異:根據第 33(2)(b)(iv) 條, O
法例指明法庭須按照《教導所條例》(第 280 章)的條文處理。換
P P
句話說,在沒有其他方法處理被告人才應判處監禁;判刑的選項包
Q Q
括教導所。根據第 33(2)(c) 條,沒有要求法庭考慮《教導所條例》
R (第 280 章)的條文,判刑選項亦不包括教導所。 R
S S
15. 哪一項條文適用取決於被告人被定罪時的年齡。本案被
T T
告人被定罪時已年滿 18 歲。因此,法例第 33(2)(b) 條並不適用;適
U U
V V
- 11 -
A A
B B
用的條文是第 33(2)(c) 條。可是根據法例,控罪 4 的判刑的選項只有
C 監禁、更生中心及勞教中心。 C
D D
16. 本席明白本案的其他控罪並非例外控罪,法庭仍可就其
E E
他控罪傳閱報告。
F F
17. 本席已指出,香港法例第 567 章《更生中心條例》第 4
G G
條訂明:
H H
「(2) 羈留令只可針對符合以下所有條件的人作出 ——
I I
(c) 並非正在因服刑而被羈留在以下地方亦從未
J 如此被羈留 —— J
K (i) 勞教中心; K
(ii) 教導所;或
L L
(iii) 戒毒所。」
M M
18. 被告人曾被判處戒毒所,因此根本不切合《更生中心條
N N
例》的要求。
O O
P 19. 香港法例第 239 章《勞教中心條例》第 4 條訂明: P
Q Q
「(1) 凡看來是青少年犯的人被裁定犯有關罪行,而法庭
認為在該個案的情況下,並經顧及該人的品性及過
R R
往行為後,為該人本身及公眾利益着想,該人應羈
留在勞教中心一段時間,則法庭可針對該人作出羈
S 留令,以代替任何其他判刑。 S
T (2) 凡針對某人作出的羈留令正在生效,該人須在該命 T
令作出之日起被羈留在勞教中心,期限由署長在考
慮個人的健康情況及行為後予以決定 ——
U U
V V
- 12 -
A A
B B
(a) 如羈留令述明該人看來是 21 歲或以上,則該
C 期限不得少於 3 個月,但亦不得超過 12 個 C
月;
D D
(b) 如羈留令述明該人看來是不足 21 歲,則該限
期不得少於 1 個月,但亦不得超過 6 個
E 月。」 E
F F
20. 如本席就其中任何一項控罪判處勞教中心令或更生中心
G 令便不可就餘下的控罪判處監禁。被告人現年 18 歲;換句話說,如 G
H
法庭判處勞教中心令,最高的刑期為 6 個月。考慮到本案案情,判 H
處勞教中心令明顯嚴重不足以反映被告人的罪責。
I I
J 21. 更重要的是,勞教中心的目的是給予年青犯案者短暫及 J
嚴苛的囚禁(short sharp shock),藉此令他們改過自新。法例第
K K
4(1) 條訂明,法庭衡量是否應判處勞教中心令時,須考慮被告人的
L L
品性及過往行為。縱使被告人只有 18 歲,他已有 3 次的刑事定罪紀
M 錄,已非初次誤入歧途。首兩次定罪,法庭均給予機會,判處被告 M
N 人感化令。可是,被告人沒有吸取教訓,再次犯案,違反感化令, N
更被發現是癮君子,因此被判處戒毒所。被告人已曾嘗鐵窗滋味,
O O
但仍繼續犯案。他根本不適合判處勞教中心。
P P
Q 22. 縱觀上述因素,本案的唯一判刑選項為即時監禁。 Q
R R
S S
T T
U U
V V
- 13 -
A A
B B
控罪 1:盜竊
C C
23. 大律師要求法庭考慮 香港特別行政區 訴 彭稜耀 [2024]
D D
HKDC 1056。首先,這是同級法院的判刑案件,對本席完全沒有約
E E
束力。
F F
24. 於 律政司司長 對 唐健帮及另二人 [2023] HKCA 896 第
G G
35 至 36 段,上訴法庭指出:
H H
「35. 第一,雙方於本案存檔了多份區域法院的判刑理由
I I
書,希望藉此支持己方立場。本庭在 律政司司長 訴 溫達揚
一案第 27 段已指出:
J J
「…因為這些判刑,從來就沒有經過上訴而被肯
K 定,也沒有什麼量刑原則可言,對量刑既沒有約束 K
力也沒有參考價值,根本起不了任何指導作用,根
本不應稱之為『案例』…」
L L
…任何單純對案件判刑作出比較的做法,都不能協助本庭
M 處理原審判刑是否恰當這個議題。歸根究底,控罪要旨 M
(gravamen of the offence)及適用的量刑因素才是重點所
N 在,而非個別案件的判刑。 N
36. 高等法院原訟法庭法官潘兆初(當時官階)於 馬廸
O O
倫 案已重申:
P 「本庭認為,把不同案件的判刑比較,並非對量刑 P
的正確處理方法,因為每宗案件的情節不盡相同,
Q 比較判刑的意義不大。」」 Q
R 25. 於 香港特別行政區 對 劉晉旭 [2023] HKCA 1098,上訴 R
S 法庭於第 51 段又再重申: S
T T
「在完結前特別一提。申請方曾在他們的書面陳詞援引區
域法院另一宗二號橋暴動案的原審判刑( 香港特別行政區
U U
V V
- 14 -
A A
B 訴 陳起行 [2021] HKDC 874),作為適用 蔡家輝 案的支點 B
以支持本案量刑基準過高的主張,結果終被勸退。本庭已
C 在過往指出過多次,在今年的 律政司司長 對 唐健帮及另二 C
人 [2023] HKCA 896(判案理由書日期:2023 年 8 月 25
D 日)又再重申:未經上訴的原審判刑對同級法院沒有約束 D
力,對上訴法庭也沒有任何參考價值,不應被業界用作上
訴時的依據。」
E E
F 26. 於 Secretary for Justice v Wong Che Ping CAAR 3/2019 F
[2020] HKCA 246,被告人承認 2 項盜竊(控罪 1 及 2)及 1 項管有
G G
他人身份證(控罪 4),被判處 200 小時社會服務令。律政司不服判
H H
刑,提出覆核。該案中,受害人遺失了銀包,內載有其身分證及信
I 用卡等物品。後來警方發現被告人分別 10 次使用受害人的信用卡購 I
買共 76 包香煙。拘捕被告人時,警方從被告人身上搜獲另一名叫
J J
GUPTA Dishank 的身分證及信用卡。警誡下,被告人承認拾獲受害
K K
人的銀包,並使用受害人的信用卡購買 76 包香煙;他已丟掉受害人
L 的 身 分 證 。 原 審 法 官 認 為 被 告 人 盜 竊 受 害 人 的 銀 包 及 GUPTA L
M Dishank 的身分證只是「拾遺不報」;考慮到被告人沒有刑事定罪紀 M
錄,縱使感化官認為被告人不適合,法官仍然判處被告人社會服務
N N
令。上訴法庭指:
O O
“35. Having considered the background of the case, the
P P
circumstances of the respondent, and also the submission he
made to this Court, we are of the view that it is necessary to
Q revise the said sentence since, no matter in terms of individual Q
charges or as a whole, the said sentence departed greatly from
the sentences imposed in other similar cases, it was wrong in
R principle and manifestly inadequate, and fell outside the range of R
sentences which a judge, applying his mind to all the relevant
S factors, could reasonably consider appropriate. S
36. In our view, the starting points for the first and second
T counts of theft should be 9 months’ and 2 years’ imprisonment T
respectively, and that for the fourth count, i.e. possessing identity
U
document relating to another person, should be 12 months’ U
V V
- 15 -
A A
B imprisonment. The appropriate starting point for the three B
charges overall is 30 months.”
C C
27. 大律師指第 1 證人於 2022 年 12 月遺失涉案的身份證。
D D
被告人只是拾遺不報,第 1 控方證人亦沒有蒙受經濟或實際損失。
E E
本席接受沒有任何證供顯示被告盜取控方第 1 證人的銀包。因此,
F 本席以對被告人最有利的角度來衡量刑期。縱使是「拾遺不報」, F
但身分證並非玩物,亦沒收藏價值;事實亦證明被告人盜竊涉案身
G G
分證是用作干犯其他控罪。
H H
I 28. 基於上述因素,本席認為控罪 1 適當的量刑起點為 9 個 I
月監禁。
J J
K K
控罪 2:使用他人的身分證
L L
29. 大律師再次提及 彭稜耀 案(同上)。該判刑案件不但全
M M
無約束力,更沒參考價值。
N N
O
30. 於 HKSAR v Li Chang Li [2005] 1 HKLRD 864 一案中, O
上訴法庭就來港訪客管有或使用偽造或他人的身分證,藉此獲取工
P P
作或延長來港而作出量刑指引。可是,上訴法庭於之後的一系列案
Q 例中述明,該量刑指引不適用於香港永久居民。 Q
R R
31. 於 HKSAR v Fan King Lam [2011] HKCU 1875(CACC
S S
220/2010),上訴法庭指,上述的量刑指引並非針對香港永久居
T 民。該案中的被告人承認一項販運危險藥物(控罪 1)及一項管有 T
U U
V V
- 16 -
A A
B B
他人身份證(控罪 2)。案情指被告人被警方截停搜查,警方於被
C 告人身上搜獲大量毒品及空置的透明膠袋和 1 個電子磅等。另外, C
警方亦於被告人的右後褲袋找到 2 張香港身份證。調查顯示該 2 張
D D
身份證是真的身份證,但警方找不到身份證的持有人。判刑時,原
E E
審法官運用 Li Chang Li 的量刑指引,被告人認罪後,就控罪 2 判處
F 一般的 12 個月監禁,與控罪 1 的刑期分期執行。被告人不服判刑提 F
出上訴。上訴時,被告人援引 2 件裁判法院的判刑案件及 HKSAR v
G G
Chan Man Mo [2001] 1 HKLRD 121。上訴法院指:
H H
I “17. We accept, of course, that the present applicant is a Hong I
Kong permanent resident and not someone staying in Hong
Kong by permission. There is no specific tariff for such a case.”
J J
K 32. 彭稜耀 案中的被告人是香港永久居民。辯方的大律師欲 K
援引 Li Chang Li 的量刑指引。
L L
M 33. 雖然沒有量刑指引,但這不代表香港永久居民管有或使 M
N
用偽造或他人身分證的罪責比訪客為輕。 N
O O
34. 於 Fan King Lam 案(同上),上訴法院指:
P P
“17. … While it is true that there could be no issue of seeking
Q unlawful employment, we see no ground to say that the 12 Q
months is not applicable in this case. In HKSAR v Lau Kwok Wo,
R CACC 181/2008, in discussing the sentence of 12 months for R
possessing a forged Hong Kong identity card, Yeung JA pointed
out that:
S S
“20. The Applicant is neither an illegal immigrant nor
an overstayer in possession of a forged identity card or
T T
an identity card relating to another person. As Mr. Wong
correctly pointed out, the Applicant was a Hong Kong
U U
V V
- 17 -
A A
B permanent resident and so he must have his own identity B
card. By possessing a forged identity card, the Applicant
C must have his purpose. We do not intend to speculate his C
purpose. But he was certainly up to no good. In view of
these, the Applicant’s offence of possessing a forged
D identity card is no less serious than an illegal immigrant D
or an overstayer possessing a forged identity card or an
E
identity card relating to another person for finding a job E
or extending his stay.””
F F
35. HKSAR v Zhen Yinfang(甄銀芳) [2012] HKCU 17 一案
G 中的被告人於港澳碼頭的入境櫃位辦理入境手續。入境處人員於被 G
H 告人的銀包內發現一張香港永久居民身份證。身份證上的相片與被 H
告人的容貌脗合,但出生日期和名字均與被告人的個人資料不脗
I I
合。警誡下,被告人承認於內地以人民幣 100 元購買涉案的身份
J J
證、她知悉該身份證是偽造的身份證;被告人指她打算以該身份證
K 隱藏她的真實年齡。雖然被告人並非香港的永久居民,她擁有一張 K
香港身份證及可在香港合法逗留。原審裁判官運用 Li Chang Li 的量
L L
刑指引,被告人承認控罪後以 12 個月監禁作為量刑基準。被告人不
M M
服判刑,提出上訴。原訟法庭指:
N N
“29. Whilst in preceding paragraphs His Lordship elaborated
O on the severity of the problem of illegal employment and the O
need of deterrence, and in paragraph 41 a sentence of 15 months
P
upon plea was suggested for showing or using a false identity P
card or an identity card belonging to another person to conceal
the real identity in order to work or stay in Hong Kong, no
Q qualifying words were used in paragraph 40. It was said, in the Q
cases of possession of false identity card or identity card
belonging to another person, even if the offender is lawfully in
R R
Hong Kong, generally speaking, a sentence of 12 months’
imprisonment should be imposed upon a plea to reflect the
S seriousness of the offence and for deterrence. S
30. In a subsequent case, HKSAR v Lau Kwok Wo (劉國和)
T T
CACC 181/2008, a case of which the judgment was also written
in Chinese, Yeung JA (as he then was) said, in a case where the
U U
V V
- 18 -
A A
B offender was found to be up to no good, his offence of possession B
of a false identity card is no less serious than an illegal immigrant
C or an overstayer possessing a false identity card or an identity C
card relating to another person for finding a job or extending his
stay.
D D
31. The latest Court of Appeal case referred to me is HKSAR
E
v Fan King Lam, CACC 220/2010. In this case the Court of E
Appeal accepted that there is no specific tariff for a case where
the offender is a Hong Kong permanent resident and not
F someone staying in Hong Kong by permission. Their Lordship F
went on to quote the passage of Yeung JA in Lau Kwok Wo and
held that the sentence of 12 months’ imprisonment, which was
G G
imposed upon a guilty plea, should not be disturbed…
H 44. In HKSAR v Lau Kam Ling HCMA 2323/2010, Deputy H
High Court Judge P. Li observed:
I “Despite the absence of sentencing guideline for cases of I
this kind, there is no lack of sentencing cases involving
J resident using forged identity cards to commit crime J
where a starting point of 15 months being adopted…”
K 48. In deciding the correct sentence, the finding that K
possession of the false identity card by the appellant was for
L
some sinister motive must be borne in mind… L
53. Unless in very exceptional circumstances, Community
M Service Order is not an appropriate sentence for an offence of M
this nature and gravity.”
N N
36. 於 HKSAR v Chung Ka Wai(鍾嘉威) CACC 364/2015,
O O
上訴法庭指:
P P
“54. The possession of an identity card relating to another
Q person is surely not a minor offence because the purpose of the Q
person possessing it is very likely to be illegal. Using it to
R
commit a crime not only will enhance the difficulty of solving R
the case, but it may also cause inconvenience to its genuine
holder.
S S
55. If there is evidence to show that a defendant possesses an
identity card relating to another person for the purpose of
T T
committing other offences, a sentence of immediate
U U
V V
- 19 -
A A
B imprisonment should be imposed for the charge of possessing an B
identity card relating to another person.”
C C
37. 於 Secretary for Justice v Wong Che Ping(同上),上訴
D D
法庭指:
E E
“33. … He even discarded Mr Wong’s identity card and
F F
driving licence, causing huge inconvenience to him.
G 34. It has been stressed by the Court of Appeal that document G
of identity is not a plaything or collector’s item, and it is highly
likely that there is an unlawful purpose for possessing someone
H else’s identity card. Therefore, possessing an identity card H
relating to another person may also attract 15 months’
I imprisonment even after a guilty plea…” I
J 38. 被告人盜竊涉案的身分證,已為控方第 1 證人帶來不 J
便;他不但使用控方第 1 證人的身分證作案,令控方第 1 證人成為
K K
WY 3757 的登記車主。如 WY 3757 涉及交通意外或違反交通規例,
L L
可能令控方第 1 證人惹上更多及更大的麻煩。
M M
39. 基於上述因素,本席認為控罪 2 適當的量刑起點為 27 個
N N
月監禁。
O O
P 控罪 3:偽造 P
Q Q
40. 大律師承認被告人更改控方第 2 證人的銀行月結單偽造
R R
住址證明,但稱被告人已忘記如何獲取該銀行月結單。大律師指保
S 險公司及其代理公司實際上沒有任何損失,要求予以輕判。 S
T T
U U
V V
- 20 -
A A
B B
41. 於 HKSAR v Poon Yiu Fai [2009] HKCU 686,原訟庭指出
C 使用虛假文書比管有更為嚴重。於 HKSAR v Lam See Chung Stephen C
[2013] 5 HKLRD 242,上訴法庭指出,使用任何虛假文書均為極嚴
D D
重控罪,一般判以即時監禁。
E E
F 42. 被告人不但偽造文件,還使用該文件購買車輛第三者保 F
險。保險公司沒有實際損失,但該保險是以欺詐手段獲取,根本無
G G
效。如 WY 3757 涉及交通意外,第三者根本無法獲得任何保險賠
H H
償。
I I
43. 考慮到上述因素,本席認為控罪 3 適當的量刑基準為 18
J J
個月監禁。
K K
L 控罪 4:在公眾地方管有攻擊性武器 L
M M
44. 被告人稱涉案的「開山刀」是在旺角拾得;他將刀放在
N 車上作防身之用。 N
O O
45. 大律師指,沒有證供顯示被告人曾使用該刀。他要求法
P P
庭考慮 HKSAR v Ip Chi Wang HCMA 377/2003。案情指警方發現被
Q 告人進入小巷,從其褲襠拿出一把「開山刀」。警誡下,被告人稱 Q
R 進入小巷小解。後來警方於小巷內找到另外 2 把刀。 R
S S
46. 被告人經審訊後被定罪;原審裁判官判處被告人 9 個月
T T
監禁時指:
U U
V V
- 21 -
A A
B B
“This was a truly wicked weapon which you were carrying
C C
concealed on your body in a public place where people were
congregating. It has a sharpened edge and a pointed heavy
D curved blade. It is capable of easily causing severe injury or D
death. Everybody knows how, on occasions, such weapons are
produced in confrontations where lethal choppings occur.
E E
This is the reason why the law takes such a severe view of these
F cases, why this is one of the few offences where the law lays F
down a mandatory term of imprisonment and where the
maximum, here in the magistracy, is increased from the normal
G two years' imprisonment. There is a determination by the G
community to banish such lethal weapons.”
H H
47. 該案的被告人不服定罪及判刑,提出上訴。原訟法庭駁
I I
回上訴,並指:
J J
“30. In my judgment, the magistrate was right in the
K K
circumstances of this case to regard it as a serious offence
warranting an immediate custodial sentence. No doubt he took
L into account also the appellant's previous record of an offence of L
blackmail.
M 31. Mr Suen suggests that the magistrate went too far in M
asserting that such knives are used for lethal choppings. I
N disagree. That is a perfectly sensible consideration an N
experienced Hong Kong magistrate is entitled to take into
account. It is not a mere assumption as Mr Suen argues. The
O magistrate’s reasoning in this regard cannot be criticized.” O
P P
48. 涉案的刀是一把「開山刀」。被告人承認單是刀鋒已有
Q 約 32 厘米。從相片可見,刀鋒末端極鋒利。被告人聲稱從街上拾獲 Q
該把刀令人難以信服。另外,被告人稱該「開山刀」是以防被人襲
R R
擊,用作自衛。本席不接受任何一名正常、合理及守法的人須使用
S S
該等大殺傷力武器作自衞。如法庭於 Ip Chi Wang 中所述,這類「開
T 山刀」是用作毆鬥傷人。況且,被告人之前已有 2 次涉及暴力的前 T
U U
V V
- 22 -
A A
B B
科。因沒有證供顯示被告人曾使用該「開山刀」,適當的量刑基準
C 為 9 個月監禁。 C
D D
控罪 5:無牌駕駛
E E
F
49. 該控罪的情節極嚴重。案發時被告人只有 16 歲,連學車 F
的資格也欠奉。他從未通過考試證實可安全駕駛,案發時已駕駛
G G
WY 3757 兩個星期;被截停時更正接載著乘客,為其他道路使用者
H H
帶來極大風險。該控罪適當的量刑基準為 9 個星期監禁。
I I
控罪 6:沒有第三者保險而使用汽車
J J
K 50. 大律師提及 香港特別行政區 訴 王錦城 的判刑。這亦是 K
L
同級法院的判刑案件,完全沒有約束力,亦無參考價值。 L
M M
51. 於 HKSAR v Tsang Kwun Wing CACC 89/2004,被告人承
N 認共 7 項控罪:1 項盜竊(控罪 1)、4 項偽造(控罪 2 至 5)、1 項 N
O
沒有第三者保險而使用汽車(控罪 6)及 1 項使用沒有發牌的車輛 O
(控罪 7)。2003 年 10 月 16 日,被告人駕駛一輛被盜的士而被捕。
P P
當時該的士掛著 KB 1913 車牌,被告人承認於 2002 年 11 月 16 日盜
Q 竊該的士;之後他在香港購買 2 個偽造車牌(KB 1913 及 JU 1311) Q
R 及於內地購買 2 張偽造行車證,藉此駕駛該的士。就控罪 6,原審法 R
官以 12 個月監禁(即最高刑期)作為量刑基準。被告人不服判刑,
S S
提出上訴。上訴法庭駁回上訴,指:
T T
U U
V V
- 23 -
A A
B “7. Mr Kelly submitted that with regard to the sentences on B
charges 6 and 7, the totality of the applicant’s sentence was
C disproportionate to his overall criminality. Mr Kelly argued with C
specific reference to these charges that they related to offences
which had arisen out of the same set of facts as the earlier charges
D and should, in such circumstances, not have attracted an D
additional term of imprisonment.
E E
8. In passing sentence, the judge had remarked that the
serious nature of the case was not only the theft of the taxi but
F the fact that the applicant had been driving it for many months F
without insurance…
G G
9. We are unable to agree with Mr Kelly that the judge erred
either in the starting points which he adopted for these two
H offences or in his decision to make consecutive terms of H
imprisonment to those imposed on charges 1 to 5. The applicant
had no insurance to drive this stolen taxi and he was unlawfully
I driving it for a very considerable time. Whilst the offence of I
driving without insurance had arisen because the applicant was
J driving the stolen vehicle, and in this sense arose from the theft J
allegation, he created by doing so a serious hazard to other road
users in general. The theft of the taxi will, no doubt, have been a
K major inconvenience to its owner but the offence in charge 6 K
affected the road-using public at large. In our view, the judge
L
was entitled to have taken the course which he did.” L
M 52. 於 HKSAR v Yeung Chi Wa(楊志華) [2018] HKCA 73, M
被告人承認共 9 項控罪:2 項盜竊(控罪 1 及 控罪 5)、4 項使用虛
N N
假車牌(控罪 2、3、4 及 6)、1 項使用虛假的禁區牌照(控罪 8)
O O
及 1 項沒有第三者保險而使用汽車(控罪 9)。2016 年 11 月 11 日
P 早上,一輛車牌為 PZ 963 的的士被盜;車主報案(控罪 1)。同年 P
Q
11 月 24 日,一輛的士(登記號碼為 HA 9072)的行車證被盜(控罪 Q
5)。同年 11 月 23 日,警方發現被告人駕駛一輛被盜的士,當時該
R R
的士掛著 KX 8483 車牌;擋風玻璃上的行車證顯示 HA 9072(控罪
S 7)及一個寫上 HA 9072 的禁區牌照(控罪 8)。司機位置的地氈下 S
T 另有一個車牌 KG 1609(控罪 4)。警方亦於該的士的車尾箱內找到 T
被盜的士原有的兩個 PZ 963 車牌及兩個 HA 9072 和 RM 9641 車牌
U U
V V
- 24 -
A A
B B
(控罪 2 及 3)。警誡下,被告人承認盜竊該的士用作賺錢。被告人
C 亦承認知悉車牌 RM 9641、KX 8483 及 KG 1609 均為的士車牌,於 C
是購買相同的偽造車牌。他更承認盜竊 HA 9072 的行車證及更改被
D D
盜的士的禁區牌照(寫上 HA 9072)。就控罪 5(盜竊行車證)及 9
E E
(沒有第三者保險而使用汽車),原審法官採納 6 個月監禁作為量
F 刑基準。被告人不服判刑,提出上訴。上訴法庭指: F
G G
“30. … Issue was taken, inter‑alia, with the sentence of 8
months’ imprisonment imposed for the charge of using the motor
H H
vehicle without third‑party insurance… which the judge ordered
to be served consecutively to the other sentences. The judge had
I stipulated a starting point for sentence of 12 months’ I
imprisonment and, affording the applicant a discount of
one‑third, imposed a sentence of 8 months’ imprisonment. In
J J
determining that the judge was entitled to take that approach in
sentencing, Stuart‑Moore VP noted that the applicant had driven
K the stolen taxi for many months without insurance and said that K
the applicant that had created “a serious hazard to other road
users in general”, noting that the offence “affected the road‑using
L public at large.”… L
M 31. In the instant application it was accepted that the M
applicant had used the stolen taxi to ply for hire as a taxi driver
for the period of six weeks that it was in his possession.
N Obviously, in those circumstances the road‑using public were N
put at risk for a considerable period of time by the fact that he
was using the stolen taxi in that way without third‑party
O O
insurance, albeit that the period of use of the stolen taxi was
considerably less than that in HKSAR v Tsang Kwun Wing. In
P those circumstances, in my judgment it is not reasonably P
arguable that the judge erred in stipulating a starting point for
sentence for that charge of 6 months’ imprisonment and
Q imposing a sentence of 4 months’ imprisonment… Q
R 33. In sentencing the applicant, the judge stated that he had R
regard to the totality principle in arriving at the appropriate
overall sentence to impose on the applicant. The judge ordered
S that the sentences of imprisonment imposed in respect of S
Charges 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 were to be served concurrently to the
T
other sentences of imprisonment. Those charges arose from the T
steps that the applicant had taken to use the stolen taxi was
concealing from others that it was stolen.
U U
V V
- 25 -
A A
B B
34. The offences reflected by Charges 5 and 9 involved quite
C separate criminality from the other offences. In ordering that the C
sentences of 4 months’ imprisonment imposed for each of those
charges to be served consecutively to all the other charges the
D judge imposed an overall sentence of 2 years and 8 months’ D
imprisonment on the applicant. In my judgment, in all the
E
circumstances it is not reasonably arguable that he erred in doing E
so.”
F F
53. 大律師指保險公司沒有任何損失。如上文所述,本案嚴
G 重之處是被告人當時只有 16 歲,連學車的資格也欠奉。他從未通過 G
H 考試證實可安全駕駛,案發時已駕駛 WY 3757 2 個星期,案發時還 H
載著乘客,嚴重危害其他道路使用者的安全。被告人以偽造文件獲
I I
取保險;該保險根本無效。如發生意外的話,第三者根本無法獲得
J J
任何賠償。雖然本案被告人駕駛 WY 3757 的時段較 楊志華 短,但
K 被告人是從沒獲駕駛執照的人。基於上述因素,該控罪適當的量刑 K
基準為 6 個月監禁。
L L
M M
減刑因素
N N
認罪折扣
O O
P 54. 被告人適時認罪,可獲三份一的扣減。因此各控罪的刑 P
Q 期減為: Q
R R
(1) 控罪 1:6 個月監禁;
S S
(2) 控罪 2:18 個月監禁;
T T
U U
V V
- 26 -
A A
B B
(3) 控罪 3:12 個月監禁;
C C
(4) 控罪 4:6 個月監禁;
D D
E (5) 控罪 5:6 個星期監禁; E
F F
(6) 控罪 6:4 個月監禁。
G G
H 年齡 H
I I
55. 本席明白被告人現年 18 歲,案發時 16 歲,是一名年青
J J
犯案者。可是年輕並非萬靈丹。Sentencing in Hong Kong 11th Edition
K 的作者指出: K
L L
“[30-24] In Kuramihirangi Pouwhare v R [2010] NZCA 268,
Keane J emphasized that “The young age of the offender cannot
M be accorded, presumptive, let alone paramount weight”… In M
HKSAR v Dhaliwal Jaspreet Kaur and Anor [2020] 4 HKC
N 161…, Macrae VP said: “One should remember that an N
offenders young age holds out the hope of reform and
rehabilitation, which can be easily undermined by a crushing
O sentence of imprisonment in an adult prison”. In respect of some O
offences, however, this may be unavoidable…
P P
[30-26] Youth notwithstanding, the court must keep in mind the
classical principles of sentencing which, apart from
Q rehabilitation, include retribution, deterrence, and prevention… Q
the interest of the community as a whole must also be
considered…
R R
[30-27] In Re Applications for Review of Sentences [1972]
S HKLR 370, 417, it was explained that: “The personality, youth S
or personal circumstances of the offender may pale into
insignificance because of the magnitude or prevalence of the
T offence in question”. If serious crimes are committed by young T
person, they cannot expect to turn their age to their advantage
U U
V V
- 27 -
A A
B upon conviction. The courts, instead, must be prepared to “steel B
themselves, unless there are particularly powerful and peculiar
C contrary reasons attaching to the circumstances of the offender C
and his involvement in the offence, to the imposition of
substantial prison terms”: HKSAR v Law Ka Kit and Ors [2003]
D 2 HKC 178, 187.” D
E E
56. 本案情節嚴重,被告人不但干犯一系列控罪,案情顯示
F 被告人的計劃周詳,他的年齡變得微不足道。除了認罪之外,並無 F
其他減刑因素。
G G
H H
總刑期
I I
57. 大律師指,除了控罪 4 之外,其他控罪均源於同一系列
J J
基礎事實,要求法庭下令該些控罪的刑期同期執行。
K K
L
58. 首先,本席必須指出,雖然同一日期發生,於控罪 2 被 L
告人是使用他人身分證蒙騙運輸署;於控罪 3 被告人是行駛偽造文
M M
書蒙騙保險公司。控罪 5 及 6 則嚴重影響公眾利益。換句話說,控
N N
罪中的文書及受害人均不同。
O O
59. 另外,本席亦不同意,刑期應否同期執行在於控罪是否
P P
源自同一交易。於 HKSAR v Ngai Yiu Ching(倪耀偵) [2011] 6 HKC
Q Q
238,上訴法院裁定:
R R
“18. It was in an attempt to safeguard fairness to the offender
S by ensuring that he was not punished twice for the same conduct S
that the courts developed the “one transaction” rule. In essence,
this rule said that if the number of offences have been charged
T arising from the one transaction or course of criminal conduct, T
then concurrent sentences should be imposed.
U U
V V
- 28 -
A A
B 19. The one transaction rule was not developed as an B
inflexible rule of law. It was never intended as anything more
C than a practical rule of thumb to guide judges in the exercise of C
the power to impose consecutive sentences so that the final
sentence was not one that was unfair to an offender.
D D
20. However, once stated, this practical working rule tended
E
to develop a life of its own and has led to some difficulty in its E
application. Judicial dicta explained what was meant by “one
course of criminal conduct” and exceptions to the rule
F developed… All of this, understandably enough, became F
material for advocates who sought to argue that the multiple
offences of which their client had been convicted were part of
G G
one transaction and that it inevitably followed that the correct
sentence was one where all the sentences were concurrent.
H H
21. There are several problems associated with this line of
reasoning. First it runs the risk of elevating a practical working
I rule to a rule of law, thereby providing an opportunity to argue I
that departure from it inevitably meant that the sentence imposed
J on the client was excessive. Secondly, it tends to obscure the real J
point which is not whether two or more offences are committed
at about the same time, but whether the second or other further
K offences add to the culpability or criminality of the first. Thirdly, K
it ignores the reality that whatever sentence is arrived at after
L
application of the rule is still subject to the totality principle… L
23. The emphasis therefore should be on a reflection in the
M sentence of true culpability disclosed by the offences of which M
the accused has been convicted. This is an approach which this
court has consistently adopted in recent times… It is likely to be
N N
a more effective approach in reflecting an offender’s overall
culpability than one which becomes overly concerned with the
O one transaction rule, although in the case of more than one O
offence, the court must guard carefully against punishing twice
for the same act. If the second offence which takes place in the
P course of the suggested single episode adds to the culpability of P
the first offence, it will normally follow that the sentence for the
Q second offence will run wholly or partially consecutive to that Q
for the first; to what extent, if at all, will depend upon an
assessment of the totality appropriate for the conduct as a whole.
R As with most sentencing exercises, the approach is an art, R
sensitive to the individual circumstances of the case and the
offender.”
S S
T T
U U
V V
- 29 -
A A
B B
60. 明顯地,每一項控罪均令案情更加嚴重。考慮到整體案
C 情,本席認為總刑期 4 年可適當反映被告人的罪責;扣減認罪折扣 C
的總刑期為 32 個月監禁。因此,本席下令:
D D
E E
(1) 控罪 1:6 個月監禁(與控罪 2 同期執行);
F F
(2) 控罪 2:18 個月監禁(與控罪 1 同期執行);
G G
H (3) 控罪 3:12 個月監禁(其中 6 個月與控罪 1 及 2 分 H
I
期執行); I
J J
(4) 控罪 4:6 個月監禁(與控罪 1、2 及 3 完全分期執
K 行); K
L L
(5) 控罪 5:6 個星期監禁(與控罪 6 同期執行);
M M
N (6) 控罪 6:4 個月監禁(與控罪 5 同期執行,但其中 N
2 個月與控罪 1、2、3、4 分期執行)。另外,由
O O
今天起計,被告人於 12 個月內,不得申請或持有
P P
任何類別的駕駛執照。
Q Q
R R
( 謝沈智慧 )
S 區域法院法官 S
T T
U U
V V
A A
B B
DCCC 884/2023
C [2024] HKDC 1458 C
D D
香港特別行政區
E 區域法院 E
刑事案件 2023 年第 884 號
F F
G G
------------------------------
H 香港特別行政區 H
訴
I I
陳傑豐
J J
------------------------------
K K
主審法官: 區域法院法官謝沈智慧
L L
日期: 2024 年 9 月 2 日
M 出席人士: 吳思思女士,律政司檢控官,代表香港特別行政區 M
N 周偉雄先生,由法律援助署委派的黎國光律師事務所延 N
聘,代表被告人
O O
控罪: [1] 盜竊罪 (Theft)
P P
[2] 使用他人的身份證 (Using an identity card relating to
Q another person) Q
[3] 偽造 (Forgery)
R R
[4] 在公眾地方管有攻擊性武器 (Possession of an offensive
S S
weapon in a public place)
T
[5] 駕駛時無有效駕駛執照 (Driving without a valid driving T
licence)
U U
V V
-2-
A A
B B
[6] 沒有第三者保險而使用汽車 (Using a motor vehicle
C without third party insurance) C
D D
------------------------------
E 判刑理由書 E
------------------------------
F F
G 1. 被告人承認共 6 項控罪: G
H H
(1) 盜竊,違反香港法例第 210 章《盜竊罪條例》第 9
I I
條(控罪 1);
J J
(2) 使用他人的身份證,違反香港法例第 177 章《人事
K K
登記條例》第 7A(1A) 條(控罪 2);
L L
M (3) 偽造,違反香港法例第 200 章《刑事罪行條例》第 M
71 條(控罪 3);
N N
O O
(4) 在公眾地方管有攻擊性武器,違反香港法例第 245
P 章《公安條例》第 33(1) 條(控罪 4); P
Q Q
(5) 駕駛時無有效駕駛執照,違反香港法例第 374 章
R R
《道路交通條例》第 42(1) 及 (4) 條(控罪 5);及
S S
T T
U U
V V
-3-
A A
B B
(6) 沒有第三者保險而使用汽車,違反香港法例第 272
C 章《汽車保險(第三者風險)條例》第 4(1) 及 C
(2)(a) 條(控罪 6)。
D D
E E
案情撮要
F F
2. 被告人承認的經修訂案情撮要如下:
G G
H 案情 H
I I
(1) 2023 年 2 月 7 日,警務人員在元朗進行反毒品行
J J
動。約於 1725 時,偵緝警員 25731(控方第三證
K 人 ) 與 隊 員 看 見 登 記 號 碼 WY 3757 的 私 家 車 K
L
(WY 3757)進入天水圍天秀路 8 號天一商場停車 L
場 B 層(天一停車場)。被告人及一名女子分別
M M
從 WY 3757 的駕駛座位及前座乘客座位下車。控
N 方 第 三 證 人表 露 警 察身 份 , 截停 被 告人 。 經 查 N
O 問,發現被告人 16 歲(即未滿 18 歲),並無持有 O
任何駕駛執照。控方第三證人搜查被告人,在他
P P
身上檢獲一條 WY 3757 的車匙。
Q Q
R (2) 被告人於是被拘捕,並於警誡下說:「我知我無 R
牌,我先偷架車嚟揸」。
S S
T T
U U
V V
-4-
A A
B B
(3) 經搜車,在前座乘客位置地氈下面發現一個環保
C 袋,載有一把開山刀(刀鋒約 32 厘米,刀鋒被一 C
個紙皮刀套包裹着)。被告人於警誡下說:「我
D D
驚俾人打,先將把刀擺喺架車度傍身」。
E E
F 警方調查 F
G G
(4) 指紋檢驗顯示,WY 3757 的右車門發現被告人的
H H
右掌紋。
I I
(5) 天一停車場的閉路電視片段拍攝到 2023 年 2 月 7
J J
日 1510 時,被告人駕駛 WY 3757,載着一名女子
K K
離開停車場。
L L
(6) 運輸署記錄顯示:
M M
N (a) WY 3757 的登記車主是羅梓賢先生(控方第 N
O
一證人),報稱的通信地址是將軍澳健明邨 O
一住宅單位(單位);
P P
Q (b) 被告人沒有任何有效的駕駛執照。 Q
R R
(7) 居於單位內的張萬鴻先生(控方第二證人)確認
S S
對有關 WY 3757 的運輸署記錄並不知情。
T T
U U
V V
-5-
A A
B B
(8) 控方第一證人表示:
C C
(a) 2022 年 12 月 1 日,他遺失了載有香港身份
D D
證及其他物品的銀包。他同日報失了香港身
E E
份證。
F F
(b) 他並無擁有任何車輛,亦無授權任何人把他
G G
登記為 WY 3757 的車主。
H H
I
(c) 他從沒收到任何關於 WY 3757 的通知或信 I
件,對單位亦毫不知情。
J J
K (d) 他並不認識被告人。 K
L L
警誡會面
M M
N (9) 被告人其後進行錄影會面,說出一些事情,當中 N
包括以下各項:
O O
P P
(a) 被告人已駕駛 WY 3757 約兩星期。2023 年 1
Q 月底,被告人以港幣約 20,000 元購買 WY Q
3757,然後指示代辦公司用控方第一證人的
R R
香港身份證把控方第一證人登記為 WY 3757
S S
的車主。該身份證是被告人一個月前在旺角
T 拾獲的。2023 年 1 月 31 日,被告人簽署了 T
有關 WY 3757 的「車輛過戶通知書」。
U U
V V
-6-
A A
B B
C (b) 被告人一星期前在旺角丟掉控方第一證人的 C
香港身份證。被告人並不認識控方第一證
D D
人。
E E
F
(c) 被告人亦在網上向亞洲保險有限公司遞交了 F
住址證明信件。他用 Photoshop 編輯該住址
G G
證明,用作購買 WY 3757 的第三者保險。他
H H
把原有信件上的地址改成了單位的地址。
I I
(d) 被告人在天一停車場 2023 年 2 月 7 日的閉路
J J
電視片段截圖中認出自己。
K K
L
(e) 被告人於兩星期前在旺角的後巷拾獲涉案的 L
「開山刀」,隨後把該「開山刀」放在 WY
M M
3757 前座乘客位置地氈下面作「防身」之
N 用。 N
O O
判刑原則
P P
Q 控罪 1:盜竊 Q
R R
3. 「盜竊」罪最高的刑期為 10 年監禁,沒有量刑指引。
S S
T T
U U
V V
-7-
A A
B B
控罪 2:使用他人的身份證
C C
4. 該 控 罪 最 高 的 刑 期 為 第 六 級 罰 款 及 10 年 監 禁 。 於
D D
HKSAR v Li Chang Li [2005] 1 HKLRD 864 一案中,上訴法庭就來港
E E
訪客管有或使用偽造或他人身份證訂定量刑指引。根據該指引,就
F 算被告人合法留港,承認管有偽造身份證或他人身份證後適當的量 F
刑基準為 12 個月監禁;如被告人曾出示或使用過上述身份證,藉此
G G
非法受聘或非法延期留港,認罪後適當的量刑基準為 15 個月監禁。
H H
除此之外,該類控罪沒有量刑指引。
I I
控罪 3:偽造
J J
K K
5. 這是嚴重控罪,最高刑期為 14 年監禁;刑期視乎案情,
L 沒有量刑指引。 L
M M
控罪 4:在公眾地方管有攻擊性武器
N N
O
6. 該控罪最高的刑期為 3 年監禁,沒有量刑指引,但法例 O
按被告人的年齡劃分法庭可考慮的判刑。
P P
Q 控罪 5:駕駛時無有效駕駛執照 Q
R R
7. 如屬首次被定罪,該控罪最高的刑罰為第 2 級罰款及監
S S
禁 3 個月(見香港法例第 374 章《道路交通條例》第 42(4) 條)。
T T
U U
V V
-8-
A A
B B
8. 另外,上述法例第 69 條訂明:
C C
「69. 就某些罪行的定罪而取消駕駛資格
D D
(1) 在不損害規定就一項罪行可以或必須施加罰
E
則的任何其他條文下,判處任何人以下罪行 E
罪名成立的法庭或裁判官,可命令該人取消
駕駛資格為期一段其認為適當的期間 ——
F F
(a) 任何本條例所訂與駕駛汽車相關的罪
G 行…」 G
H H
控罪 6:沒有第三者保險而使用汽車
I I
9. 香港法例第 272 章《汽車保險(第三者風險)條例》第
J J
4(2)(a) 條訂明,該控罪最高的刑罰為第 3 級罰款及監禁 12 個月。另
K K
外,任何人就本條所訂罪行被定罪,其持有或領取汽車駕駛執照的
L 資格須予取消(除非法庭因特別理由而認為適合另作命令,期間由 L
法庭裁定,但由定罪之日起計不得少於 12 個月或多於 3 年。
M M
N N
被告人的背景
O O
10. 被告人生於 2006 年 2 月,現年 18 歲(案發時 16 歲),
P P
未婚,與父母及長姊同住。他曾接受中二程度的教育,但於 2021 年
Q 輟學。 Q
R R
11. 被告人有 4 項刑事定罪紀錄,與本案的控罪不類同(包
S S
括串謀販運危險藥物、普通襲擊、違反感化令及襲擊引致造成身體
T 受傷。最後一次被定罪的日期為 2021 年 9 月 28 日,被判處戒毒所。 T
U U
V V
-9-
A A
B B
C 討論 C
D D
法庭應否傳召報告
E E
12. 大律師依賴香港法例第 245 章《公安條例》第 33(2)(b)
F F
條,要求法庭判刑前先傳閱一系列報告。《公安條例》第 33 條訂明
G G
(強調後加):
H H
「(1) 任何人如無合法權限或合理辯解而在任何公眾地方
I 攜有任何攻擊性武器,即屬犯罪,一經循簡易程序 I
或公訴程序定罪,可按第 (2) 款指明的方式判處刑
J 罰。 J
K
(2) 被裁定犯第 (1) 款所訂的罪行的人 —— K
(a) 如年齡未滿 14 歲,須按照《少年犯條例》
L (第 226 章)的條文處理; L
M (b) 如年齡已滿 14 歲但不足 17 歲,須 —— M
(i) 判處不超過 3 年的監禁;
N N
(ii) 判處根據《勞教中心條例》(第 239
O 章)條文發出的羈留令,但須符合該 O
條例的條文;
P P
(iii) (已於 1990 年被廢除);
Q (iv) 在符合《教導所條例》(第 280 章) Q
的條文下,判處在該條例所指的教導
R 所羈留;或 R
(v) 在 符 合 《 更 生 中 心 條 例 》 ( 第 567
S S
章)的條文下,判處在該條例所指的
更生中心羈留;
T T
U U
V V
- 10 -
A A
B (c) 如年齡已滿 17 歲但不足 25 歲,須 —— B
C (i) 判處不超過 3 年的監禁; C
(ii) 判處根據《勞教中心條例》(第 239
D D
章)條文發出的羈留令,但須符合該
條例的條文;
E E
(iii) (已於 1990 年被廢除);
F F
(iv) 在 符 合 《 更 生 中 心 條 例 》 ( 第 567
章)的條文下,判處在該條例所指的
G G
更生中心羈留;
H (d) 如年齡在 25 歲或以上,須判處不超過 3 年的 H
監禁。」
I I
13. 首先,《公安條例》第 33 條之下的控罪是例外控罪
J J
(Excepted Offence);除非法例另有訂明,根據香港法例第 221 章
K K
《刑事訴訟程序條例》第 109A 條,就算是年青罪犯,法庭判處監禁
L 前無須考慮其他判刑選項。 L
M M
14. 根據第 33(2)(a) 條,如被告人年齡未滿 14 歲,須按照
N N
《少年犯條例》(第 226 章)的條文處理。除了被告人的年齡外,
O 法例第 33(2)(b) 及 33(2)(c) 條有明顯的差異:根據第 33(2)(b)(iv) 條, O
法例指明法庭須按照《教導所條例》(第 280 章)的條文處理。換
P P
句話說,在沒有其他方法處理被告人才應判處監禁;判刑的選項包
Q Q
括教導所。根據第 33(2)(c) 條,沒有要求法庭考慮《教導所條例》
R (第 280 章)的條文,判刑選項亦不包括教導所。 R
S S
15. 哪一項條文適用取決於被告人被定罪時的年齡。本案被
T T
告人被定罪時已年滿 18 歲。因此,法例第 33(2)(b) 條並不適用;適
U U
V V
- 11 -
A A
B B
用的條文是第 33(2)(c) 條。可是根據法例,控罪 4 的判刑的選項只有
C 監禁、更生中心及勞教中心。 C
D D
16. 本席明白本案的其他控罪並非例外控罪,法庭仍可就其
E E
他控罪傳閱報告。
F F
17. 本席已指出,香港法例第 567 章《更生中心條例》第 4
G G
條訂明:
H H
「(2) 羈留令只可針對符合以下所有條件的人作出 ——
I I
(c) 並非正在因服刑而被羈留在以下地方亦從未
J 如此被羈留 —— J
K (i) 勞教中心; K
(ii) 教導所;或
L L
(iii) 戒毒所。」
M M
18. 被告人曾被判處戒毒所,因此根本不切合《更生中心條
N N
例》的要求。
O O
P 19. 香港法例第 239 章《勞教中心條例》第 4 條訂明: P
Q Q
「(1) 凡看來是青少年犯的人被裁定犯有關罪行,而法庭
認為在該個案的情況下,並經顧及該人的品性及過
R R
往行為後,為該人本身及公眾利益着想,該人應羈
留在勞教中心一段時間,則法庭可針對該人作出羈
S 留令,以代替任何其他判刑。 S
T (2) 凡針對某人作出的羈留令正在生效,該人須在該命 T
令作出之日起被羈留在勞教中心,期限由署長在考
慮個人的健康情況及行為後予以決定 ——
U U
V V
- 12 -
A A
B B
(a) 如羈留令述明該人看來是 21 歲或以上,則該
C 期限不得少於 3 個月,但亦不得超過 12 個 C
月;
D D
(b) 如羈留令述明該人看來是不足 21 歲,則該限
期不得少於 1 個月,但亦不得超過 6 個
E 月。」 E
F F
20. 如本席就其中任何一項控罪判處勞教中心令或更生中心
G 令便不可就餘下的控罪判處監禁。被告人現年 18 歲;換句話說,如 G
H
法庭判處勞教中心令,最高的刑期為 6 個月。考慮到本案案情,判 H
處勞教中心令明顯嚴重不足以反映被告人的罪責。
I I
J 21. 更重要的是,勞教中心的目的是給予年青犯案者短暫及 J
嚴苛的囚禁(short sharp shock),藉此令他們改過自新。法例第
K K
4(1) 條訂明,法庭衡量是否應判處勞教中心令時,須考慮被告人的
L L
品性及過往行為。縱使被告人只有 18 歲,他已有 3 次的刑事定罪紀
M 錄,已非初次誤入歧途。首兩次定罪,法庭均給予機會,判處被告 M
N 人感化令。可是,被告人沒有吸取教訓,再次犯案,違反感化令, N
更被發現是癮君子,因此被判處戒毒所。被告人已曾嘗鐵窗滋味,
O O
但仍繼續犯案。他根本不適合判處勞教中心。
P P
Q 22. 縱觀上述因素,本案的唯一判刑選項為即時監禁。 Q
R R
S S
T T
U U
V V
- 13 -
A A
B B
控罪 1:盜竊
C C
23. 大律師要求法庭考慮 香港特別行政區 訴 彭稜耀 [2024]
D D
HKDC 1056。首先,這是同級法院的判刑案件,對本席完全沒有約
E E
束力。
F F
24. 於 律政司司長 對 唐健帮及另二人 [2023] HKCA 896 第
G G
35 至 36 段,上訴法庭指出:
H H
「35. 第一,雙方於本案存檔了多份區域法院的判刑理由
I I
書,希望藉此支持己方立場。本庭在 律政司司長 訴 溫達揚
一案第 27 段已指出:
J J
「…因為這些判刑,從來就沒有經過上訴而被肯
K 定,也沒有什麼量刑原則可言,對量刑既沒有約束 K
力也沒有參考價值,根本起不了任何指導作用,根
本不應稱之為『案例』…」
L L
…任何單純對案件判刑作出比較的做法,都不能協助本庭
M 處理原審判刑是否恰當這個議題。歸根究底,控罪要旨 M
(gravamen of the offence)及適用的量刑因素才是重點所
N 在,而非個別案件的判刑。 N
36. 高等法院原訟法庭法官潘兆初(當時官階)於 馬廸
O O
倫 案已重申:
P 「本庭認為,把不同案件的判刑比較,並非對量刑 P
的正確處理方法,因為每宗案件的情節不盡相同,
Q 比較判刑的意義不大。」」 Q
R 25. 於 香港特別行政區 對 劉晉旭 [2023] HKCA 1098,上訴 R
S 法庭於第 51 段又再重申: S
T T
「在完結前特別一提。申請方曾在他們的書面陳詞援引區
域法院另一宗二號橋暴動案的原審判刑( 香港特別行政區
U U
V V
- 14 -
A A
B 訴 陳起行 [2021] HKDC 874),作為適用 蔡家輝 案的支點 B
以支持本案量刑基準過高的主張,結果終被勸退。本庭已
C 在過往指出過多次,在今年的 律政司司長 對 唐健帮及另二 C
人 [2023] HKCA 896(判案理由書日期:2023 年 8 月 25
D 日)又再重申:未經上訴的原審判刑對同級法院沒有約束 D
力,對上訴法庭也沒有任何參考價值,不應被業界用作上
訴時的依據。」
E E
F 26. 於 Secretary for Justice v Wong Che Ping CAAR 3/2019 F
[2020] HKCA 246,被告人承認 2 項盜竊(控罪 1 及 2)及 1 項管有
G G
他人身份證(控罪 4),被判處 200 小時社會服務令。律政司不服判
H H
刑,提出覆核。該案中,受害人遺失了銀包,內載有其身分證及信
I 用卡等物品。後來警方發現被告人分別 10 次使用受害人的信用卡購 I
買共 76 包香煙。拘捕被告人時,警方從被告人身上搜獲另一名叫
J J
GUPTA Dishank 的身分證及信用卡。警誡下,被告人承認拾獲受害
K K
人的銀包,並使用受害人的信用卡購買 76 包香煙;他已丟掉受害人
L 的 身 分 證 。 原 審 法 官 認 為 被 告 人 盜 竊 受 害 人 的 銀 包 及 GUPTA L
M Dishank 的身分證只是「拾遺不報」;考慮到被告人沒有刑事定罪紀 M
錄,縱使感化官認為被告人不適合,法官仍然判處被告人社會服務
N N
令。上訴法庭指:
O O
“35. Having considered the background of the case, the
P P
circumstances of the respondent, and also the submission he
made to this Court, we are of the view that it is necessary to
Q revise the said sentence since, no matter in terms of individual Q
charges or as a whole, the said sentence departed greatly from
the sentences imposed in other similar cases, it was wrong in
R principle and manifestly inadequate, and fell outside the range of R
sentences which a judge, applying his mind to all the relevant
S factors, could reasonably consider appropriate. S
36. In our view, the starting points for the first and second
T counts of theft should be 9 months’ and 2 years’ imprisonment T
respectively, and that for the fourth count, i.e. possessing identity
U
document relating to another person, should be 12 months’ U
V V
- 15 -
A A
B imprisonment. The appropriate starting point for the three B
charges overall is 30 months.”
C C
27. 大律師指第 1 證人於 2022 年 12 月遺失涉案的身份證。
D D
被告人只是拾遺不報,第 1 控方證人亦沒有蒙受經濟或實際損失。
E E
本席接受沒有任何證供顯示被告盜取控方第 1 證人的銀包。因此,
F 本席以對被告人最有利的角度來衡量刑期。縱使是「拾遺不報」, F
但身分證並非玩物,亦沒收藏價值;事實亦證明被告人盜竊涉案身
G G
分證是用作干犯其他控罪。
H H
I 28. 基於上述因素,本席認為控罪 1 適當的量刑起點為 9 個 I
月監禁。
J J
K K
控罪 2:使用他人的身分證
L L
29. 大律師再次提及 彭稜耀 案(同上)。該判刑案件不但全
M M
無約束力,更沒參考價值。
N N
O
30. 於 HKSAR v Li Chang Li [2005] 1 HKLRD 864 一案中, O
上訴法庭就來港訪客管有或使用偽造或他人的身分證,藉此獲取工
P P
作或延長來港而作出量刑指引。可是,上訴法庭於之後的一系列案
Q 例中述明,該量刑指引不適用於香港永久居民。 Q
R R
31. 於 HKSAR v Fan King Lam [2011] HKCU 1875(CACC
S S
220/2010),上訴法庭指,上述的量刑指引並非針對香港永久居
T 民。該案中的被告人承認一項販運危險藥物(控罪 1)及一項管有 T
U U
V V
- 16 -
A A
B B
他人身份證(控罪 2)。案情指被告人被警方截停搜查,警方於被
C 告人身上搜獲大量毒品及空置的透明膠袋和 1 個電子磅等。另外, C
警方亦於被告人的右後褲袋找到 2 張香港身份證。調查顯示該 2 張
D D
身份證是真的身份證,但警方找不到身份證的持有人。判刑時,原
E E
審法官運用 Li Chang Li 的量刑指引,被告人認罪後,就控罪 2 判處
F 一般的 12 個月監禁,與控罪 1 的刑期分期執行。被告人不服判刑提 F
出上訴。上訴時,被告人援引 2 件裁判法院的判刑案件及 HKSAR v
G G
Chan Man Mo [2001] 1 HKLRD 121。上訴法院指:
H H
I “17. We accept, of course, that the present applicant is a Hong I
Kong permanent resident and not someone staying in Hong
Kong by permission. There is no specific tariff for such a case.”
J J
K 32. 彭稜耀 案中的被告人是香港永久居民。辯方的大律師欲 K
援引 Li Chang Li 的量刑指引。
L L
M 33. 雖然沒有量刑指引,但這不代表香港永久居民管有或使 M
N
用偽造或他人身分證的罪責比訪客為輕。 N
O O
34. 於 Fan King Lam 案(同上),上訴法院指:
P P
“17. … While it is true that there could be no issue of seeking
Q unlawful employment, we see no ground to say that the 12 Q
months is not applicable in this case. In HKSAR v Lau Kwok Wo,
R CACC 181/2008, in discussing the sentence of 12 months for R
possessing a forged Hong Kong identity card, Yeung JA pointed
out that:
S S
“20. The Applicant is neither an illegal immigrant nor
an overstayer in possession of a forged identity card or
T T
an identity card relating to another person. As Mr. Wong
correctly pointed out, the Applicant was a Hong Kong
U U
V V
- 17 -
A A
B permanent resident and so he must have his own identity B
card. By possessing a forged identity card, the Applicant
C must have his purpose. We do not intend to speculate his C
purpose. But he was certainly up to no good. In view of
these, the Applicant’s offence of possessing a forged
D identity card is no less serious than an illegal immigrant D
or an overstayer possessing a forged identity card or an
E
identity card relating to another person for finding a job E
or extending his stay.””
F F
35. HKSAR v Zhen Yinfang(甄銀芳) [2012] HKCU 17 一案
G 中的被告人於港澳碼頭的入境櫃位辦理入境手續。入境處人員於被 G
H 告人的銀包內發現一張香港永久居民身份證。身份證上的相片與被 H
告人的容貌脗合,但出生日期和名字均與被告人的個人資料不脗
I I
合。警誡下,被告人承認於內地以人民幣 100 元購買涉案的身份
J J
證、她知悉該身份證是偽造的身份證;被告人指她打算以該身份證
K 隱藏她的真實年齡。雖然被告人並非香港的永久居民,她擁有一張 K
香港身份證及可在香港合法逗留。原審裁判官運用 Li Chang Li 的量
L L
刑指引,被告人承認控罪後以 12 個月監禁作為量刑基準。被告人不
M M
服判刑,提出上訴。原訟法庭指:
N N
“29. Whilst in preceding paragraphs His Lordship elaborated
O on the severity of the problem of illegal employment and the O
need of deterrence, and in paragraph 41 a sentence of 15 months
P
upon plea was suggested for showing or using a false identity P
card or an identity card belonging to another person to conceal
the real identity in order to work or stay in Hong Kong, no
Q qualifying words were used in paragraph 40. It was said, in the Q
cases of possession of false identity card or identity card
belonging to another person, even if the offender is lawfully in
R R
Hong Kong, generally speaking, a sentence of 12 months’
imprisonment should be imposed upon a plea to reflect the
S seriousness of the offence and for deterrence. S
30. In a subsequent case, HKSAR v Lau Kwok Wo (劉國和)
T T
CACC 181/2008, a case of which the judgment was also written
in Chinese, Yeung JA (as he then was) said, in a case where the
U U
V V
- 18 -
A A
B offender was found to be up to no good, his offence of possession B
of a false identity card is no less serious than an illegal immigrant
C or an overstayer possessing a false identity card or an identity C
card relating to another person for finding a job or extending his
stay.
D D
31. The latest Court of Appeal case referred to me is HKSAR
E
v Fan King Lam, CACC 220/2010. In this case the Court of E
Appeal accepted that there is no specific tariff for a case where
the offender is a Hong Kong permanent resident and not
F someone staying in Hong Kong by permission. Their Lordship F
went on to quote the passage of Yeung JA in Lau Kwok Wo and
held that the sentence of 12 months’ imprisonment, which was
G G
imposed upon a guilty plea, should not be disturbed…
H 44. In HKSAR v Lau Kam Ling HCMA 2323/2010, Deputy H
High Court Judge P. Li observed:
I “Despite the absence of sentencing guideline for cases of I
this kind, there is no lack of sentencing cases involving
J resident using forged identity cards to commit crime J
where a starting point of 15 months being adopted…”
K 48. In deciding the correct sentence, the finding that K
possession of the false identity card by the appellant was for
L
some sinister motive must be borne in mind… L
53. Unless in very exceptional circumstances, Community
M Service Order is not an appropriate sentence for an offence of M
this nature and gravity.”
N N
36. 於 HKSAR v Chung Ka Wai(鍾嘉威) CACC 364/2015,
O O
上訴法庭指:
P P
“54. The possession of an identity card relating to another
Q person is surely not a minor offence because the purpose of the Q
person possessing it is very likely to be illegal. Using it to
R
commit a crime not only will enhance the difficulty of solving R
the case, but it may also cause inconvenience to its genuine
holder.
S S
55. If there is evidence to show that a defendant possesses an
identity card relating to another person for the purpose of
T T
committing other offences, a sentence of immediate
U U
V V
- 19 -
A A
B imprisonment should be imposed for the charge of possessing an B
identity card relating to another person.”
C C
37. 於 Secretary for Justice v Wong Che Ping(同上),上訴
D D
法庭指:
E E
“33. … He even discarded Mr Wong’s identity card and
F F
driving licence, causing huge inconvenience to him.
G 34. It has been stressed by the Court of Appeal that document G
of identity is not a plaything or collector’s item, and it is highly
likely that there is an unlawful purpose for possessing someone
H else’s identity card. Therefore, possessing an identity card H
relating to another person may also attract 15 months’
I imprisonment even after a guilty plea…” I
J 38. 被告人盜竊涉案的身分證,已為控方第 1 證人帶來不 J
便;他不但使用控方第 1 證人的身分證作案,令控方第 1 證人成為
K K
WY 3757 的登記車主。如 WY 3757 涉及交通意外或違反交通規例,
L L
可能令控方第 1 證人惹上更多及更大的麻煩。
M M
39. 基於上述因素,本席認為控罪 2 適當的量刑起點為 27 個
N N
月監禁。
O O
P 控罪 3:偽造 P
Q Q
40. 大律師承認被告人更改控方第 2 證人的銀行月結單偽造
R R
住址證明,但稱被告人已忘記如何獲取該銀行月結單。大律師指保
S 險公司及其代理公司實際上沒有任何損失,要求予以輕判。 S
T T
U U
V V
- 20 -
A A
B B
41. 於 HKSAR v Poon Yiu Fai [2009] HKCU 686,原訟庭指出
C 使用虛假文書比管有更為嚴重。於 HKSAR v Lam See Chung Stephen C
[2013] 5 HKLRD 242,上訴法庭指出,使用任何虛假文書均為極嚴
D D
重控罪,一般判以即時監禁。
E E
F 42. 被告人不但偽造文件,還使用該文件購買車輛第三者保 F
險。保險公司沒有實際損失,但該保險是以欺詐手段獲取,根本無
G G
效。如 WY 3757 涉及交通意外,第三者根本無法獲得任何保險賠
H H
償。
I I
43. 考慮到上述因素,本席認為控罪 3 適當的量刑基準為 18
J J
個月監禁。
K K
L 控罪 4:在公眾地方管有攻擊性武器 L
M M
44. 被告人稱涉案的「開山刀」是在旺角拾得;他將刀放在
N 車上作防身之用。 N
O O
45. 大律師指,沒有證供顯示被告人曾使用該刀。他要求法
P P
庭考慮 HKSAR v Ip Chi Wang HCMA 377/2003。案情指警方發現被
Q 告人進入小巷,從其褲襠拿出一把「開山刀」。警誡下,被告人稱 Q
R 進入小巷小解。後來警方於小巷內找到另外 2 把刀。 R
S S
46. 被告人經審訊後被定罪;原審裁判官判處被告人 9 個月
T T
監禁時指:
U U
V V
- 21 -
A A
B B
“This was a truly wicked weapon which you were carrying
C C
concealed on your body in a public place where people were
congregating. It has a sharpened edge and a pointed heavy
D curved blade. It is capable of easily causing severe injury or D
death. Everybody knows how, on occasions, such weapons are
produced in confrontations where lethal choppings occur.
E E
This is the reason why the law takes such a severe view of these
F cases, why this is one of the few offences where the law lays F
down a mandatory term of imprisonment and where the
maximum, here in the magistracy, is increased from the normal
G two years' imprisonment. There is a determination by the G
community to banish such lethal weapons.”
H H
47. 該案的被告人不服定罪及判刑,提出上訴。原訟法庭駁
I I
回上訴,並指:
J J
“30. In my judgment, the magistrate was right in the
K K
circumstances of this case to regard it as a serious offence
warranting an immediate custodial sentence. No doubt he took
L into account also the appellant's previous record of an offence of L
blackmail.
M 31. Mr Suen suggests that the magistrate went too far in M
asserting that such knives are used for lethal choppings. I
N disagree. That is a perfectly sensible consideration an N
experienced Hong Kong magistrate is entitled to take into
account. It is not a mere assumption as Mr Suen argues. The
O magistrate’s reasoning in this regard cannot be criticized.” O
P P
48. 涉案的刀是一把「開山刀」。被告人承認單是刀鋒已有
Q 約 32 厘米。從相片可見,刀鋒末端極鋒利。被告人聲稱從街上拾獲 Q
該把刀令人難以信服。另外,被告人稱該「開山刀」是以防被人襲
R R
擊,用作自衛。本席不接受任何一名正常、合理及守法的人須使用
S S
該等大殺傷力武器作自衞。如法庭於 Ip Chi Wang 中所述,這類「開
T 山刀」是用作毆鬥傷人。況且,被告人之前已有 2 次涉及暴力的前 T
U U
V V
- 22 -
A A
B B
科。因沒有證供顯示被告人曾使用該「開山刀」,適當的量刑基準
C 為 9 個月監禁。 C
D D
控罪 5:無牌駕駛
E E
F
49. 該控罪的情節極嚴重。案發時被告人只有 16 歲,連學車 F
的資格也欠奉。他從未通過考試證實可安全駕駛,案發時已駕駛
G G
WY 3757 兩個星期;被截停時更正接載著乘客,為其他道路使用者
H H
帶來極大風險。該控罪適當的量刑基準為 9 個星期監禁。
I I
控罪 6:沒有第三者保險而使用汽車
J J
K 50. 大律師提及 香港特別行政區 訴 王錦城 的判刑。這亦是 K
L
同級法院的判刑案件,完全沒有約束力,亦無參考價值。 L
M M
51. 於 HKSAR v Tsang Kwun Wing CACC 89/2004,被告人承
N 認共 7 項控罪:1 項盜竊(控罪 1)、4 項偽造(控罪 2 至 5)、1 項 N
O
沒有第三者保險而使用汽車(控罪 6)及 1 項使用沒有發牌的車輛 O
(控罪 7)。2003 年 10 月 16 日,被告人駕駛一輛被盜的士而被捕。
P P
當時該的士掛著 KB 1913 車牌,被告人承認於 2002 年 11 月 16 日盜
Q 竊該的士;之後他在香港購買 2 個偽造車牌(KB 1913 及 JU 1311) Q
R 及於內地購買 2 張偽造行車證,藉此駕駛該的士。就控罪 6,原審法 R
官以 12 個月監禁(即最高刑期)作為量刑基準。被告人不服判刑,
S S
提出上訴。上訴法庭駁回上訴,指:
T T
U U
V V
- 23 -
A A
B “7. Mr Kelly submitted that with regard to the sentences on B
charges 6 and 7, the totality of the applicant’s sentence was
C disproportionate to his overall criminality. Mr Kelly argued with C
specific reference to these charges that they related to offences
which had arisen out of the same set of facts as the earlier charges
D and should, in such circumstances, not have attracted an D
additional term of imprisonment.
E E
8. In passing sentence, the judge had remarked that the
serious nature of the case was not only the theft of the taxi but
F the fact that the applicant had been driving it for many months F
without insurance…
G G
9. We are unable to agree with Mr Kelly that the judge erred
either in the starting points which he adopted for these two
H offences or in his decision to make consecutive terms of H
imprisonment to those imposed on charges 1 to 5. The applicant
had no insurance to drive this stolen taxi and he was unlawfully
I driving it for a very considerable time. Whilst the offence of I
driving without insurance had arisen because the applicant was
J driving the stolen vehicle, and in this sense arose from the theft J
allegation, he created by doing so a serious hazard to other road
users in general. The theft of the taxi will, no doubt, have been a
K major inconvenience to its owner but the offence in charge 6 K
affected the road-using public at large. In our view, the judge
L
was entitled to have taken the course which he did.” L
M 52. 於 HKSAR v Yeung Chi Wa(楊志華) [2018] HKCA 73, M
被告人承認共 9 項控罪:2 項盜竊(控罪 1 及 控罪 5)、4 項使用虛
N N
假車牌(控罪 2、3、4 及 6)、1 項使用虛假的禁區牌照(控罪 8)
O O
及 1 項沒有第三者保險而使用汽車(控罪 9)。2016 年 11 月 11 日
P 早上,一輛車牌為 PZ 963 的的士被盜;車主報案(控罪 1)。同年 P
Q
11 月 24 日,一輛的士(登記號碼為 HA 9072)的行車證被盜(控罪 Q
5)。同年 11 月 23 日,警方發現被告人駕駛一輛被盜的士,當時該
R R
的士掛著 KX 8483 車牌;擋風玻璃上的行車證顯示 HA 9072(控罪
S 7)及一個寫上 HA 9072 的禁區牌照(控罪 8)。司機位置的地氈下 S
T 另有一個車牌 KG 1609(控罪 4)。警方亦於該的士的車尾箱內找到 T
被盜的士原有的兩個 PZ 963 車牌及兩個 HA 9072 和 RM 9641 車牌
U U
V V
- 24 -
A A
B B
(控罪 2 及 3)。警誡下,被告人承認盜竊該的士用作賺錢。被告人
C 亦承認知悉車牌 RM 9641、KX 8483 及 KG 1609 均為的士車牌,於 C
是購買相同的偽造車牌。他更承認盜竊 HA 9072 的行車證及更改被
D D
盜的士的禁區牌照(寫上 HA 9072)。就控罪 5(盜竊行車證)及 9
E E
(沒有第三者保險而使用汽車),原審法官採納 6 個月監禁作為量
F 刑基準。被告人不服判刑,提出上訴。上訴法庭指: F
G G
“30. … Issue was taken, inter‑alia, with the sentence of 8
months’ imprisonment imposed for the charge of using the motor
H H
vehicle without third‑party insurance… which the judge ordered
to be served consecutively to the other sentences. The judge had
I stipulated a starting point for sentence of 12 months’ I
imprisonment and, affording the applicant a discount of
one‑third, imposed a sentence of 8 months’ imprisonment. In
J J
determining that the judge was entitled to take that approach in
sentencing, Stuart‑Moore VP noted that the applicant had driven
K the stolen taxi for many months without insurance and said that K
the applicant that had created “a serious hazard to other road
users in general”, noting that the offence “affected the road‑using
L public at large.”… L
M 31. In the instant application it was accepted that the M
applicant had used the stolen taxi to ply for hire as a taxi driver
for the period of six weeks that it was in his possession.
N Obviously, in those circumstances the road‑using public were N
put at risk for a considerable period of time by the fact that he
was using the stolen taxi in that way without third‑party
O O
insurance, albeit that the period of use of the stolen taxi was
considerably less than that in HKSAR v Tsang Kwun Wing. In
P those circumstances, in my judgment it is not reasonably P
arguable that the judge erred in stipulating a starting point for
sentence for that charge of 6 months’ imprisonment and
Q imposing a sentence of 4 months’ imprisonment… Q
R 33. In sentencing the applicant, the judge stated that he had R
regard to the totality principle in arriving at the appropriate
overall sentence to impose on the applicant. The judge ordered
S that the sentences of imprisonment imposed in respect of S
Charges 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 were to be served concurrently to the
T
other sentences of imprisonment. Those charges arose from the T
steps that the applicant had taken to use the stolen taxi was
concealing from others that it was stolen.
U U
V V
- 25 -
A A
B B
34. The offences reflected by Charges 5 and 9 involved quite
C separate criminality from the other offences. In ordering that the C
sentences of 4 months’ imprisonment imposed for each of those
charges to be served consecutively to all the other charges the
D judge imposed an overall sentence of 2 years and 8 months’ D
imprisonment on the applicant. In my judgment, in all the
E
circumstances it is not reasonably arguable that he erred in doing E
so.”
F F
53. 大律師指保險公司沒有任何損失。如上文所述,本案嚴
G 重之處是被告人當時只有 16 歲,連學車的資格也欠奉。他從未通過 G
H 考試證實可安全駕駛,案發時已駕駛 WY 3757 2 個星期,案發時還 H
載著乘客,嚴重危害其他道路使用者的安全。被告人以偽造文件獲
I I
取保險;該保險根本無效。如發生意外的話,第三者根本無法獲得
J J
任何賠償。雖然本案被告人駕駛 WY 3757 的時段較 楊志華 短,但
K 被告人是從沒獲駕駛執照的人。基於上述因素,該控罪適當的量刑 K
基準為 6 個月監禁。
L L
M M
減刑因素
N N
認罪折扣
O O
P 54. 被告人適時認罪,可獲三份一的扣減。因此各控罪的刑 P
Q 期減為: Q
R R
(1) 控罪 1:6 個月監禁;
S S
(2) 控罪 2:18 個月監禁;
T T
U U
V V
- 26 -
A A
B B
(3) 控罪 3:12 個月監禁;
C C
(4) 控罪 4:6 個月監禁;
D D
E (5) 控罪 5:6 個星期監禁; E
F F
(6) 控罪 6:4 個月監禁。
G G
H 年齡 H
I I
55. 本席明白被告人現年 18 歲,案發時 16 歲,是一名年青
J J
犯案者。可是年輕並非萬靈丹。Sentencing in Hong Kong 11th Edition
K 的作者指出: K
L L
“[30-24] In Kuramihirangi Pouwhare v R [2010] NZCA 268,
Keane J emphasized that “The young age of the offender cannot
M be accorded, presumptive, let alone paramount weight”… In M
HKSAR v Dhaliwal Jaspreet Kaur and Anor [2020] 4 HKC
N 161…, Macrae VP said: “One should remember that an N
offenders young age holds out the hope of reform and
rehabilitation, which can be easily undermined by a crushing
O sentence of imprisonment in an adult prison”. In respect of some O
offences, however, this may be unavoidable…
P P
[30-26] Youth notwithstanding, the court must keep in mind the
classical principles of sentencing which, apart from
Q rehabilitation, include retribution, deterrence, and prevention… Q
the interest of the community as a whole must also be
considered…
R R
[30-27] In Re Applications for Review of Sentences [1972]
S HKLR 370, 417, it was explained that: “The personality, youth S
or personal circumstances of the offender may pale into
insignificance because of the magnitude or prevalence of the
T offence in question”. If serious crimes are committed by young T
person, they cannot expect to turn their age to their advantage
U U
V V
- 27 -
A A
B upon conviction. The courts, instead, must be prepared to “steel B
themselves, unless there are particularly powerful and peculiar
C contrary reasons attaching to the circumstances of the offender C
and his involvement in the offence, to the imposition of
substantial prison terms”: HKSAR v Law Ka Kit and Ors [2003]
D 2 HKC 178, 187.” D
E E
56. 本案情節嚴重,被告人不但干犯一系列控罪,案情顯示
F 被告人的計劃周詳,他的年齡變得微不足道。除了認罪之外,並無 F
其他減刑因素。
G G
H H
總刑期
I I
57. 大律師指,除了控罪 4 之外,其他控罪均源於同一系列
J J
基礎事實,要求法庭下令該些控罪的刑期同期執行。
K K
L
58. 首先,本席必須指出,雖然同一日期發生,於控罪 2 被 L
告人是使用他人身分證蒙騙運輸署;於控罪 3 被告人是行駛偽造文
M M
書蒙騙保險公司。控罪 5 及 6 則嚴重影響公眾利益。換句話說,控
N N
罪中的文書及受害人均不同。
O O
59. 另外,本席亦不同意,刑期應否同期執行在於控罪是否
P P
源自同一交易。於 HKSAR v Ngai Yiu Ching(倪耀偵) [2011] 6 HKC
Q Q
238,上訴法院裁定:
R R
“18. It was in an attempt to safeguard fairness to the offender
S by ensuring that he was not punished twice for the same conduct S
that the courts developed the “one transaction” rule. In essence,
this rule said that if the number of offences have been charged
T arising from the one transaction or course of criminal conduct, T
then concurrent sentences should be imposed.
U U
V V
- 28 -
A A
B 19. The one transaction rule was not developed as an B
inflexible rule of law. It was never intended as anything more
C than a practical rule of thumb to guide judges in the exercise of C
the power to impose consecutive sentences so that the final
sentence was not one that was unfair to an offender.
D D
20. However, once stated, this practical working rule tended
E
to develop a life of its own and has led to some difficulty in its E
application. Judicial dicta explained what was meant by “one
course of criminal conduct” and exceptions to the rule
F developed… All of this, understandably enough, became F
material for advocates who sought to argue that the multiple
offences of which their client had been convicted were part of
G G
one transaction and that it inevitably followed that the correct
sentence was one where all the sentences were concurrent.
H H
21. There are several problems associated with this line of
reasoning. First it runs the risk of elevating a practical working
I rule to a rule of law, thereby providing an opportunity to argue I
that departure from it inevitably meant that the sentence imposed
J on the client was excessive. Secondly, it tends to obscure the real J
point which is not whether two or more offences are committed
at about the same time, but whether the second or other further
K offences add to the culpability or criminality of the first. Thirdly, K
it ignores the reality that whatever sentence is arrived at after
L
application of the rule is still subject to the totality principle… L
23. The emphasis therefore should be on a reflection in the
M sentence of true culpability disclosed by the offences of which M
the accused has been convicted. This is an approach which this
court has consistently adopted in recent times… It is likely to be
N N
a more effective approach in reflecting an offender’s overall
culpability than one which becomes overly concerned with the
O one transaction rule, although in the case of more than one O
offence, the court must guard carefully against punishing twice
for the same act. If the second offence which takes place in the
P course of the suggested single episode adds to the culpability of P
the first offence, it will normally follow that the sentence for the
Q second offence will run wholly or partially consecutive to that Q
for the first; to what extent, if at all, will depend upon an
assessment of the totality appropriate for the conduct as a whole.
R As with most sentencing exercises, the approach is an art, R
sensitive to the individual circumstances of the case and the
offender.”
S S
T T
U U
V V
- 29 -
A A
B B
60. 明顯地,每一項控罪均令案情更加嚴重。考慮到整體案
C 情,本席認為總刑期 4 年可適當反映被告人的罪責;扣減認罪折扣 C
的總刑期為 32 個月監禁。因此,本席下令:
D D
E E
(1) 控罪 1:6 個月監禁(與控罪 2 同期執行);
F F
(2) 控罪 2:18 個月監禁(與控罪 1 同期執行);
G G
H (3) 控罪 3:12 個月監禁(其中 6 個月與控罪 1 及 2 分 H
I
期執行); I
J J
(4) 控罪 4:6 個月監禁(與控罪 1、2 及 3 完全分期執
K 行); K
L L
(5) 控罪 5:6 個星期監禁(與控罪 6 同期執行);
M M
N (6) 控罪 6:4 個月監禁(與控罪 5 同期執行,但其中 N
2 個月與控罪 1、2、3、4 分期執行)。另外,由
O O
今天起計,被告人於 12 個月內,不得申請或持有
P P
任何類別的駕駛執照。
Q Q
R R
( 謝沈智慧 )
S 區域法院法官 S
T T
U U
V V